Chapter 21: The Evolution of Primates
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Transcript of Chapter 21: The Evolution of Primates
Chapter 21: The Evolution of Primates
Features Unique to Man
• Bipedal– Curvature of spine,
weight distribution– Pelvis – upright walking– Foramen magnum –
base of skull– Longer legs– Alignment of big toe
• Increase in brain size• Skull– Supraorbital ridges
absent– Flatter face– U-shape for teeth– Smaller teeth
• Large nose• Large jutting chin• Big not not opposable• Arched foot• Hairless skin
6 mya- Sahelanthropus 4.38 mya- Ardipithecus
4 mya
Australopithecus
anamensis
3.9 mya -3.0 mya
Austral. afarensis
3.5 mya Kenyanthropus
2.7 mya- 1.2 mya
Paranthropus(Austr.) boisei
2.0 mya -1.5 mya P.(Austr.) robustus
3.0 mya- 2.0 mya
Austra. africanus
Lucy - 3.2 mya
A. afarensis
A. afarensis
A. boisei
• Olduvai Gorge• Tanzania• 1.8 mya
Sagittal crest
simianBrow ridges
A. boisei _
A. robustus
Homo habilis 1.9-2.6 mya
H. erectus 150,000 mya -1.4 mya
H. ergaster 1.7-1.9 mya
(archaic H. sapiens) H. heidelbergensis
500,000-800,000 yrs ago
H. floresiensis or H. erectus?
18,000 yrs ago
H. sapiens sapiens
250,000 yrs ago-present
H. neandert(h)alensis -
10,000-350,000 yrs ago
1st 1856 – Neander Valley in Feldhofer caves, Germany
• Skullcap• Other bones, too
Neandertal vs modern human
‘Java man’ skullcap – H. erectus
3rd ‘Peking man’• H. erectus• China• 14 skulls and more• stone tools• Campfires• 300,000-500,000
years ago
4th Homo habilis• ‘handy man’• stone tools• 2 mya - 1.5 mya• Olduvai Gorge• 1960’s• The Leakeys
Homo erectus
• 1.5 mya - 250,000 • First to leave
Africa?• Long thought a
direct descendent of H. sapiens
Cro-Magnon
http://anthro.palomar.edu/primate/videos/evol07_vid_genconnect.html