CHAPTER-21 Electric Charges. CHAPTER-21 Electric Charges Topics to be covered: Types of electric...
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Transcript of CHAPTER-21 Electric Charges. CHAPTER-21 Electric Charges Topics to be covered: Types of electric...
CHAPTER-21
Electric Charges
CHAPTER-21 Electric Charges
Topics to be covered: Types of electric charge Forces among two charges
(Coulomb’s law) Charge quantization Charge conservation
Ch 21-2 Electric Charges
Electric Charges: Intrinsic property of fundamental particles
Fundamental particles: electron, proton and neutron with negative, positive and zero charges respectively.
Objects : electrically neutral (containing positive and negative charges in equal number)
Electron charge =1.602x 10-19 Coulomb (C) Charged Object: Objects having net excessive
charge of specific type Negatively or positively Charged Objects:
objects containing excessive electrons or missing electrons respectively.
Ch 21-2 Electric Charges
Charging an object: Placing a charge on an object
Charging a glass rod in rubbing with silk: glass rod losses electrons- glas rod positively charged
Charging a plastic rod in rubbing with fur : plastic rod gain electrons- plastic rod negatively charged
silk
glass rod
silk
glass rod
-- --
++
++
Glass rod repels glass rod.
Similar charges repels each other
Plastic rod
attracts glass rod.
Opposite charges attracts each other
Ch 21-2 Electric Charges
Conductors: Materials through which charges can move freely
Insulators (Non-Conductors): Materials through which charges cannot move
Semiconductors: Materials having properties between conductors and insulators
Superconductors: Perfect conductors allowing charges to move without any hindrance.
Ch 21-3 Conductors and Insulators
Coulomb Law: The electrostatic force of attraction or repulsion F between two charges is:
F= kq1q2/r2
Direction of F: similar charges
(Repulsion): away from each
other. opposite charges
(Attraction): towards each other
Ch 21-4 Coulomb Law
Ch 21-4 Coulomb Law Zero Force Position
between three charges along a line:
Pair of opposite charges: it is on the side of the charges , closer to weaker charge
Pair of similar charges: it is between the charges and closer to weaker charge
Ch 21-5, 6 Charge Quantization and Charge Conservation
Charge Quantization: Objects can contain the charges which are integer multiple of elementary charge e=1.602x 10-19 C i.e charge q= ne where n is a positive or negative integer number.
Charge Conservation: Net electric charge of an isolated system is conserved and cannot change
Ch 21- 6 Charge ConservationConservation of ChargeConsider a glass rod and a piece of silk cloth (both uncharged) shown in the upper figure. If we rub the glass rod with the silk cloth we know that positive charge appears on the rod (see lower figure). At the same time an equal amount of negative charge appears on the silk cloth, so that the net rod-cloth charge is actually zero. This suggests that rubbing does not create charge but only transfers it from one body to the other, thus upsetting the electrical neutrality of each body. Charge conservation can be summarized as follows: In any process the charge at the beginning equals the charge at the end of the process.
silk
glass rod
silk
glass rod
-- --
++
++
Net charge before = Net charge after
Suggested Problems Chapter 21