2.5 Ethambutol in the Treatment of Patients With Chronic Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 20. Synthetic drugs Isoniazid – inhibits mycolic acid synthesis. Effective against...
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Transcript of Chapter 20. Synthetic drugs Isoniazid – inhibits mycolic acid synthesis. Effective against...
![Page 1: Chapter 20. Synthetic drugs Isoniazid – inhibits mycolic acid synthesis. Effective against mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ethambutol – inhibits mycolic.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f165503460f94c2bfd4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 20
![Page 2: Chapter 20. Synthetic drugs Isoniazid – inhibits mycolic acid synthesis. Effective against mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ethambutol – inhibits mycolic.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f165503460f94c2bfd4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Chapter 20. Synthetic drugs Isoniazid – inhibits mycolic acid synthesis. Effective against mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ethambutol – inhibits mycolic.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f165503460f94c2bfd4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Synthetic drugs
• Isoniazid – inhibits mycolic acid synthesis. Effective against mycobacterium tuberculosis.
• Ethambutol – inhibits mycolic acid.
• Sulfanilamide inhibits folic acid synthesis.
• PABA - enzyme – folic acid
• Fluroquinolones inhibits DNA synthesis.
• Typhoid fever, shigellosis
![Page 4: Chapter 20. Synthetic drugs Isoniazid – inhibits mycolic acid synthesis. Effective against mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ethambutol – inhibits mycolic.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f165503460f94c2bfd4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
penicillin
• Mold – Penicillium notatum – inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis
• Bacitracin – Bacillus – peptidoglycan – topical applications.
• Polymyxin – Bacillus – damages plasma membrane – topical treatment.
• Rifampin – Streptomyces – inhibits RNA synthesis – tuberculosis.
![Page 5: Chapter 20. Synthetic drugs Isoniazid – inhibits mycolic acid synthesis. Effective against mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ethambutol – inhibits mycolic.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f165503460f94c2bfd4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Antifungal drugs
• Amphotericin B – Streptomyces – damages plasma membrane – systemic mycosis – Histoplasmosis.
• Nystatin – Streptomyces – damages plasma membrane – Candida infections.
![Page 6: Chapter 20. Synthetic drugs Isoniazid – inhibits mycolic acid synthesis. Effective against mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ethambutol – inhibits mycolic.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f165503460f94c2bfd4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Antiviral drugs
• Acyclovir – inhibits the synthesis of viral DNA. Effective against herpes virus.
• Zidovudine – inactivates the reverse transcriptase – can cause anemia in some cases.
• Used to treat HIV infection.
![Page 7: Chapter 20. Synthetic drugs Isoniazid – inhibits mycolic acid synthesis. Effective against mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ethambutol – inhibits mycolic.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f165503460f94c2bfd4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Antiprotozoan drugs
• Chloroquine – malaria
• Metronidazole – inhibits metabolism in an anaerobic environment.
• Giardiasis, amoebic dysentery.
![Page 8: Chapter 20. Synthetic drugs Isoniazid – inhibits mycolic acid synthesis. Effective against mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ethambutol – inhibits mycolic.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f165503460f94c2bfd4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Antihelminthic drugs
• Niclosomide – inhibits ATP synthesis in mitochondria – treat tapeworm infestations.
• Praziquantel – damages plasma membrane – treat fluke infestations.
• Mebendazole – inhibits microtubule formation – roundworm infestations.
![Page 9: Chapter 20. Synthetic drugs Isoniazid – inhibits mycolic acid synthesis. Effective against mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ethambutol – inhibits mycolic.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f165503460f94c2bfd4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Some bacteria develop resistance.
• Plasmids – antibiotic resistance.
• Mutations can result in the overproduction of the enzyme that is being inactivated by the drug.
![Page 10: Chapter 20. Synthetic drugs Isoniazid – inhibits mycolic acid synthesis. Effective against mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ethambutol – inhibits mycolic.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f165503460f94c2bfd4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Chapter 20. Synthetic drugs Isoniazid – inhibits mycolic acid synthesis. Effective against mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ethambutol – inhibits mycolic.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f165503460f94c2bfd4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Chapter 20. Synthetic drugs Isoniazid – inhibits mycolic acid synthesis. Effective against mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ethambutol – inhibits mycolic.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f165503460f94c2bfd4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)