Chapter 20 Gibberellins: Regulators of plant height ¤ 1950s, the second groups of hormones ¤...
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Transcript of Chapter 20 Gibberellins: Regulators of plant height ¤ 1950s, the second groups of hormones ¤...
Chapter 20 Gibberellins: Regulators of plant height
¤ 1950s, the second groups of hormones
¤ “foolish seedling” or bakanae
¤ a chemical secreted by Gibberella fujikuroi, GA3
¤ C19 or C20, defined by their chemical structure, more than 125 (136)
¤ http://www.plant-hormone.info/gibberellin_ nomenclature.htm.
¤ GA1 identified from Phaseolus coccineus, 1958
¤ GAx, x is the number in the order of their discovery
¤ only a few are biologically active
Physiological functions: increase in plant height
particularly in genetically dwarf and rosette plants, but no effect on the genetically very
tall plants
Stem thickness, leaf size
A pale green color of the leaves
Bolting:
Stem growth
4-day-old rice seedlings (dwarf) were treated
with increasing amount of GA3 for 5 days, bioassay
Dosage dep.
Stem injected the previous summer with GA4/GA7
mixture in aqueous ethanol
14-week-old
Spray GA3 some 8 weeks earlier
GAs regulate the transition from juvenile to adult phases
Conebud formation
Physiological functions:
promote pollen development and tube growth
influence floral initiation and sex determination
Tassel + GA female (pistillate) induction,
suppress stamen (anther) development
In dicots, GA seems to have the opposite effect
GA / ABA
GA-deficient mutant+ GA3
- GA3
p. 522
Physiological functions:
promote fruit set: apple
promote parthenocarpy
promote seed germination: to overcome the dormancy
Commercial applications:
fruit production
alleviating compaction
delay senescence: citrus
malting of barley
increasing sugarcane yield
plant breeding
biosynthesis inhibitors
lodging (used Cycocel), shrub plantings
seedless grapes
Cyclization
B ring: 6 5CH3 COOH
The first GAThe precursor of other GAs
homeostasis
GA20ox, GA3ox:
negative feedback regulation
GA2ox:
positive feed-forward
regulation
Fe2+
ascorbate require
GA20 GA5 GA3
active
inactive