CHAPTER 20

SECTION 1RISKS OF ADOLESCENT SEXUAL ACTIVITY

What are the two major risks of sexually active teens?

1. Unplanned pregnancy2. Sexually transmitted diseases

Fact or Myth?

You cannot get pregnant the first time you engage in sexual intercourse.Myth

Statistical Facts About Teen Pregnancy

800,000-900,000 teens get pregnant each year

1 in 5 sexually active teen girls get pregnant

The teen birth rate and pregnancy rate in the US is the highest of any industrial nation in the world.

The majority of pregnant teens are not married.

Health Concerns of Pregnant Teens

Hard on the mothers health

Bones and muscles of teens are not ready for the physical stresses of pregnancy

Pregnant teens must eat well and get plenty of rest

Statistics from the Centers for Disease Control - teen

pregnancy(2001) About half (45.6%) of all students had already

engaged in sexual intercourse.

About 25% of sexually active students had used alcohol or drugs during their last episode of sexual intercourse.

About 5% of students had been pregnant or had gotten someone else pregnant.

Hardships for Teen ParentsPage 478- Figure 1

Caring for the baby is hard work.

Accepting adult responsibilities at a young age.

May have limited job options/Make less money

May have to sacrifice careers and educational goals.

May face financial demands.

Less free time for yourself.

Health Risks for the baby of a Teen Mom

Low birth weightMore likely to be born pre-maturePre-mature babies are more likely to

have physical and mental problems than babies with normal birth weight

Define abstinence.

Abstinence is the conscious decision not to participate in sexual activity and the skills to support that decision.

List as many advantages of abstinence as you can think of. Include physical, mental and social ones. Not being regretful of a previous sexual

relationship. Not becoming a single parent. Health benefits of not becoming pregnant

and not contracting STD’s. Not having more serious health problems

like cancer or others caused by STD’s. Waiting until marriage will decrease the

number of sexual partners you have therefore reducing the risk of contracting an STD.

The younger you become sexually active the more sexual partners you are likely to have in your lifetime.

Increased self respect and higher self esteem and self worth.

Stronger personal values and beliefs and staying true to these.

Better reputation among peers. Allows you to pursue personal and career

goals.

Stronger more stable emotionally in a future marriage.

You can focus on school.

Freedom to pursue a variety of friendships.

Less complicated relationships.

The ability to concentrate on better relationships.

Better relationships with parents and adults.

Being free from worry and stress of getting pregnant or contracting an STD.

Avoid being manipulated by others.

Having an increased sense of self-control.

Allowing time to develop the maturity needed to make important decisions.

Allowing time for your body to physically mature to benefit a healthy pregnancy and baby.

CHAPTER 20

SECTION 2WHAT ARE SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES

Define epidemic.

An epidemic is the occurrence of more cases of a disease than expected.

Define asymptomatic.Asymptomatic is showing no signs of a

disease or disorder even though an infection is present.

STD’s, the “Silent Epidemic”

Many people are unaware that they have an STD.

People don’t tell their sexual partners they have an STD.

Health Problems that STD’s Can Create

SterilityOther serious illnesses and

even death.

1 in 5 sexually active teens that have an STD

Year

SyphilisChlamydia GonorrheaPrimary and

secondary All stages

Cases Rate Cases Rate Cases Rate Cases Rate

1997 8,556 3.1 46,715 17.1 537,904 205.5 327,665 120.2

1998 7,007 2.5 38,290 13.9 614,250 231.8 356,492 129.2

1999 6,617 2.4 35,383 12.7 662,647 247.2 360,813 129.3

2000 5,979 2.1 31,618 11.2 709,452 251.4 363,136 128.7

2001 6,103 2.1 32,284 11.3 783,242 274.5 361,705 126.8

2002 6,862 2.4 32,919 11.4 834,555 289.4 351,852 122.0

2003 7,177 2.5 34,289 11.8 877,478 301.7 335,104 115.2

2004 7,980 2.7 33,422 11.4 929,462 316.5 330,132 112.4

2005 8,724 2.9 33,288 11.2 976,445 329.4 339,593 114.6

2006 9,756 3.3 36,935 12.3 1,030,911 344.3 358,366 119.7

2007 11,466 3.8 40,921 13.6 1,108,374 367.5 355,991 118.0

2008 13,500 4.5 46,277 15.3 1,210,523 401.3 336,742 111.6

Change2007-2008

18% 18% 13% 12.5% 9% 9% -5.4% -6%

Cases of STDs reported by state health departments and rates per 100,000 population: United States, 1997-2008

Regional statistics for HIV and AIDS, end of 2009

Region

Adults & children

living with HIV/AIDS

Adults & children

newly infected

Adult prevalence*

AIDS-related deaths in adults & children

Sub-Saharan Africa

22.5 million 1.8 million 5.0% 1.3 million

North Africa & Middle East

460,000 75,000 0.2% 24,000

South and South-East Asia 4.1 million 270,000 0.3% 260,000

East Asia 770,000 82,000 <0.1% 36,000

Oceania 57,000 4,500 0.3% 1,400

Central & South America 1.4 million 92,000 0.5% 58,000

Caribbean 240,000 17,000 1.0% 12,000

Eastern Europe & Central Asia

1.4 million 130,000 0.8% 76,000

North America1.5 million 70,000 0.5% 26,000

Western & Central Europe

820,000 31,000 0.2% 8,500

Global Total 33.3 million 2.6 million 0.8% 1.8 million

STD Risk BehaviorsBeing sexually active.Having a sexual partner who has

had multiple sexual partners.Having more than one sexual

partner.Using alcohol or drugs.

Reasons Why Teens are Particularly at Risk for Being Infected with STD’s

• Teens ignore the risks of sexual activity “not me”!

• Females are at greater risk because of their anatomy. ( more mucous tissue can be exposed to infection; females receive a greater volume of potentially infected fluid; the teen cervix is more susceptible to infections than the adult cervix.)

• Teen bodies may not fight infection as well as healthy adults.

Preventing the Spread of STD’s

Practice abstinence.Avoid drugs and alcohol.Respect yourself.Know the facts and educate yourself.

CHAPTER 20

SECTION 3COMMON SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES

Page 485- Belief vs. Reality

Bacterial STD’s

Page 486- Table 1ChlamydiaPelvic inflammatory disease (PID)GonorrheaSyphilis

What is the treatment for bacterial STD’s? -Antibiotics

What could be some possible results if left untreated?

InfertilityEctopic pregnanciesPIDInjury to reproductive organsPainSwelling in testiclesLife threatening blood infections

Viral STD’s

Page 488 Table 2HPV – Human Papilloma Virus – Genital WartsGenital HerpesHepatitisHIV – Human Immuno-deficiency Virus

What is the treatment for viral STD’s?

There is no cure. You have the disease for the rest of your life.

What could be the possible results if left untreated?

Cervical cancer Genital cancers in the maleLiver damage Premature deathCancerOpportunistic infections

STD’s Caused by ParasitesPublic lice – crabsScabiesTrichomoniasis (no symptoms in

the male)

Ways Sexually Transmitted Diseases can Spread

Sexual contact (can be skin to skin in genital or mouth area – not necessary to have intercourse.

Direct contact with open sores.From mother to baby during birth.

What should you do if you suspect that you have been exposed to an STD?

Seek medical help immediately and get tested.

Complete the full course of medication.Have follow-up testing done.Avoid all sexual activity while being treated.