Chapter 2Chapter 2

Section 3Section 3

Spanish conquistadorsSpanish conquistadors

Conquistadors-soldiers who led military Conquistadors-soldiers who led military expeditions in the Americasexpeditions in the Americas

Hernan Cortes-sailed to present day Hernan Cortes-sailed to present day Mexico, he had heard of a wealthy land Mexico, he had heard of a wealthy land ruled by Moctezuma IIruled by Moctezuma II

Aztec EmpireAztec Empire

Moctezeuma was the ruler of the Aztec Moctezeuma was the ruler of the Aztec Empire-it’s height of power was in the Empire-it’s height of power was in the early 1500’s.early 1500’s.

Tenochtitlan-capital, built in the middle of Tenochtitlan-capital, built in the middle of Lake Texcoco ( near present day Mexico Lake Texcoco ( near present day Mexico City).City).

Buildings and riches impressed SpanishBuildings and riches impressed Spanish

Aztec WarriorsAztec Warriors

Thousands of warriorsThousands of warriorsCortes has 508 soldiers, 100 sailors, 16 Cortes has 508 soldiers, 100 sailors, 16 horses, and some gunshorses, and some gunsCortes makes allies with the Aztec Cortes makes allies with the Aztec enemiesenemiesTries to be friends with Aztecs as a ploy-Tries to be friends with Aztecs as a ploy-takes overtakes overMany Aztecs killed by smallpox and Many Aztecs killed by smallpox and disease weakening the empire.disease weakening the empire.

Conquest of the Inca EmpireConquest of the Inca Empire

Francisco Pizarro-Spanish conquistadorFrancisco Pizarro-Spanish conquistador– Heard rumors about the Inca cities in South Heard rumors about the Inca cities in South

America ( Chile to Ecuador)America ( Chile to Ecuador)

Had less than 400 men in his armyHad less than 400 men in his army

Inca weapons no match for gunsInca weapons no match for guns

Captured the Inca capital-CuzcoCaptured the Inca capital-Cuzco

Killed the Inca leadersKilled the Inca leaders

Results of Spanish ConquistadorsResults of Spanish Conquistadors

Inca Empire destroyedInca Empire destroyed

Aztec Empire destroyedAztec Empire destroyed

¾ of all Aztec and Inca populations killed ¾ of all Aztec and Inca populations killed by diseases the Europeans broughtby diseases the Europeans brought

Much of the riches looted and lostMuch of the riches looted and lost

Spanish SettlementsSpanish Settlements

New Spain- the Spanish settlements in the New Spain- the Spanish settlements in the AmericasAmericas

Most emigrants were Spanish- Jewish, Most emigrants were Spanish- Jewish, Muslims and non-Christians forbidden to Muslims and non-Christians forbidden to settle in New Spainsettle in New Spain

Most emigrants were men, ¼ of total Most emigrants were men, ¼ of total emigration were womenemigration were women

Spanish Rule in AmericasSpanish Rule in Americas

Ruled by a system of royal officialsRuled by a system of royal officialsCouncil of the Indies –top officials in Spain Council of the Indies –top officials in Spain Two Viceroys ( royal governors)-appointed Two Viceroys ( royal governors)-appointed by Council to govern in Americasby Council to govern in AmericasViceroyalty of Peru-governed most of Viceroyalty of Peru-governed most of South AmericaSouth AmericaViceroyalty of New Spain governed all Viceroyalty of New Spain governed all Spanish territory in Central America and Spanish territory in Central America and southern part of USsouthern part of US

Settlements in New SpainSettlements in New SpainPueblos-trading posts and sometimes Pueblos-trading posts and sometimes central governmentcentral governmentMissions- settled by priests to convert Missions- settled by priests to convert Native Americans to CatholicismNative Americans to CatholicismPresidios- military bases to protect towns Presidios- military bases to protect towns and missionsand missions““El Camino Real”-The Royal Road ran El Camino Real”-The Royal Road ran hundreds of miles from Mexico City to hundreds of miles from Mexico City to Santa FeSanta Fe

Exploring the SoutheastExploring the Southeast

Juan Ponce de Leon- landed in Puerto Juan Ponce de Leon- landed in Puerto Rico in 1508Rico in 1508

Conquered the island and founded the city Conquered the island and founded the city of San Juanof San Juan

Discovered gold in Puerto Rico and was Discovered gold in Puerto Rico and was appointed governor of the colonyappointed governor of the colony

Search in Florida for fountain of youth-Search in Florida for fountain of youth-never foundnever found

Hernando de SotoHernando de Soto

Traveled through FloridaTraveled through Florida

Explored the Gulf of MexicoExplored the Gulf of Mexico

1539-landed in present day Tampa Bay1539-landed in present day Tampa Bay

Traveled north through Georgia and Traveled north through Georgia and Carolinas across Appalachian Mtns. Carolinas across Appalachian Mtns.

1541 discovered Mississippi River1541 discovered Mississippi River

1542 died after traveling into Oklahoma1542 died after traveling into Oklahoma

Exploring the SouthwestExploring the Southwest

De Vaca(1528) and 300 men landed in FloridaDe Vaca(1528) and 300 men landed in Florida

Traveled around Florida and eventually around Traveled around Florida and eventually around the coast to the Mississippi Riverthe coast to the Mississippi River

Ship wrecked and 4 people survived including Ship wrecked and 4 people survived including slave Estevanicoslave Estevanico

Captured and enslaved for 6 yearsCaptured and enslaved for 6 years

Escaped and returned to Spain-wrote a book Escaped and returned to Spain-wrote a book and called for better treatment of Native and called for better treatment of Native AmericansAmericans

Francisco Vasquez de CornadoFrancisco Vasquez de Cornado

Wanted to find the legendary 7 cities of Wanted to find the legendary 7 cities of gold in Southwest Americagold in Southwest America

Discovered the Grand CanyonDiscovered the Grand Canyon

Went through Kansas and OklahomaWent through Kansas and Oklahoma

Never found the cities of goldNever found the cities of gold

Spanish settlementsSpanish settlements

Spain grew rich from the gold/treasure of Spain grew rich from the gold/treasure of Native Americans and grew food in South Native Americans and grew food in South AmericaAmerica

3-4 million people lived here3-4 million people lived here

80% of the population was Native 80% of the population was Native AmericanAmerican

Treatment of Native AmericansTreatment of Native Americans

Peninsulares-people who came from Peninsulares-people who came from Spain to AmericasSpain to Americas– Held high government positionsHeld high government positions

Encomienda System-gave settlers the Encomienda System-gave settlers the right to tax Native Americans or make right to tax Native Americans or make them work in exchange, the settlers were them work in exchange, the settlers were supposed to protect them and convert supposed to protect them and convert them to Christianitythem to Christianity

Treatment cont.-Treatment cont.-

Most Spanish treated the Native Most Spanish treated the Native Americans like slavesAmericans like slavesForced to work in terrible conditions Forced to work in terrible conditions Spanish plantations-grew one kind of crop Spanish plantations-grew one kind of crop and were labor intensiveand were labor intensiveHaciendas-vast Spanish estates that grew Haciendas-vast Spanish estates that grew cash crops~forced Native Americans to cash crops~forced Native Americans to workworkForced to mine gold and silverForced to mine gold and silver

Role of the Catholic ChurchRole of the Catholic Church

Spanish king commanded they convert Spanish king commanded they convert Native Americans to ChristianityNative Americans to Christianity

Bartolommeo de Las Casa-protested the Bartolommeo de Las Casa-protested the treatment of Native Americans ~ said treatment of Native Americans ~ said could only convert people with love could only convert people with love and kindness and kindness