CHAPTER 2

Input & Output

Prepared by: Mrs .sara salih

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What Is an Information System ?

System: Collection of elements and procedures that

interact to accomplish a goal.

Football game, transit systems, etc.

Information system :

A collection of elements that interact

to generate the information needed

in an organization

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Input Devices

1 -Keyboard2 -Pointing Devices

3 -Mouse4 -Electronic pen

5-Touch screen6-Scanners

7-Digital cameras

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Keyboards

Keyboard: An input device containing keys, arranged in a typewriter configuration, used to input letters, numbers, and other symbols

*Can be wired or wireless

Contains: -Standard alphanumeric keys

-Numeric keypad -Function keys

-Directional keys and special keys4

Keyboards

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Keyboards

*Keyboards are increasingly including alternate input tools:

-Touch pads -Some also include built-in display screens

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Pointing Devices

#Pointing device: An input device that moves an onscreen pointer

(arrow or insertion point) to allow the user to select objects on the screen.Common types of pointing devices:

-Mouse -Electronic pen

-Touch screen

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The Mouse

Mouse: A pointing device the user slides along a flat surface to move a pointer around the screen and clicks its buttons to make selections

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The Electronic Pen #Electronic pen:

Device used to select objects, as well as to draw or write electronically on the screenAlso called tablet pen, digital pen.

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Touch Screens

#Touch screen :Display device that is touched with the finger to issue commands or otherwise generate input to the connected PCUsed with:

Desktop and portable PCsMobile phones

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Touch Screens

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Scanners

#Scanner (optical scanner): Input device that reads printed text and graphics and transfers them to a computer in digital form

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Digital Cameras

#Digital cameras: Record images on digital storage medium rather than film

-Can either be still cameras or video cameras -Typically use flash memory for storage

Types: -Digital still cameras

-Digital video cameras

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Digital Cameras

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Audio Input

Audio input: The process of entering audio data into the computer

-Voice -Music (from CDs)

Voice input systems (speech recognition systems)

-Enable a computer to recognize the human voice

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Voice Input Systems

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Output Devices

• Display devices ( screen).• Flat-Panel Display Technologies.• Data and Multimedia Projectors.• Printers.• Audio output ( headphones , speakers,)

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Output Devices (cont ..)

*Display device: Presents output visually

-Monitor: Display device for a desktop PC

-Display screen: Screen built into a variety of devices

-handheld PCs,

- Mobile phones and mobile devices

- E-paper

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Display Devices

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Flat-Panel Display Technologies

#Liquid crystal displays (LCDs): Use charged liquid crystals between sheets of

glass or plastic #LED (Light emitting diode): Used in displays as

well as a variety of consumer products #Organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays:

Use emissive organic material to display brighter and sharper images

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Flat-Panel Display Technologies

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Data and Multimedia Projectors

Data projector: Display device that projects all computer output to a wall or projection screen

-Most data projectors today can project video, in addition to computer output

-Can be wireless or integrated into devices

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Printers

Printers: Produce hard copyPrinter Characteristics:

-Color vs. black and white -Personal vs. network printers

-Print resolution -Print speed

-Multifunction capabilities

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Printers

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Types of printers

-Laser Printers -Ink-Jet Printers

-Special-Purpose Printers

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Audio Output

Audio output: Output in the form of voice or music

-Speakers -Headphones and headsets

-Earphones

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The Operating System

Operating system: A collection of programs that manage and coordinate the activities taking place within a computer system

Examples:

Most PCs today run Windows, Mac OS, or Linux , Windows Vista ,Windows 7

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Functions of an Operating System

*Interfacing with users (typically via a GUI)

*Booting the computer

*Managing resources and jobs

*File management

*Security

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Differences Among Operating Systems

*Command line vs. graphical user interface (GUI)

-Most operating systems use GUI today

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Differences Among Operating Systems

Personal vs. server operating system

Personal operating system: designed to be installed on a

single PC

Server operating system: designed to be installed on

a network server

o Client PCs still use a personal operating system

o Server operating system controls access to network resources

Many operating systems come in both versions

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Utility Programs

*Utility program :

Type of software that performs a specific task,

usually related to managing or maintaining the

computer system

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Summary

Definitions of System & Information systems.

Types of Input devices

Types of Output devices

Operating Systems

Utility Programs