Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections Jigisha Patel.
Chapter 2- First Declension Nouns and Adjectives; Prepositions, Conjunctions and Interjections...
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Transcript of Chapter 2- First Declension Nouns and Adjectives; Prepositions, Conjunctions and Interjections...
Chapter 2- First Declension Nouns and Adjectives; Prepositions, Conjunctions and
Interjections
Jacqueline DiBiasie
Latin is an INFLECTED language
VERBS are CONJUGATED and have special endings to signify who was doing the action
NOUNS are DECLINED in CASES to show whether it functions as a subject, object, etc.
Nominative
Nominative case is used for the SUBJECT of a verb
“The poet is giving the girl a rose”“The girls are giving roses to the poet”
The nominative is also used with the verb ‘to be’ as a PREDICATE NOMINATIVE“The poet is a boy”
Genitive
• The Genitive case is used for POSSESSION• Translate this with ‘s or of
The girls are giving the roses of the poet/poet’s to me.The mouse of the girl is cute.
Dative
• Dative is used to mark out a person or thing INDIRECTLY affected by the verb
• Translate with ‘to’ or ‘for’
• I gave the rose to the sailor.• The mouse gave the rose to me.
Accusative
The accusative case indicates the DIRECT OBJECT of the verb (the thing/person DIRECTLY affected by the verb).The accusative is also used with certain prepositions.
I gave a carrot to the horse. I gave homework to the students.
Ablative
The ablative is used to modify a verb with prepositions.For now, translate with ‘by’, ‘with’, or ‘from
I am going with the horse to the store.I am going to Rome from Pompeii.
Vocative
• The vocative case is used for direct address• Will almost always be separated with commas• Often employed with ‘o’
• Davidus, please get me the paper.• Bacchia, please stand up.
Practice
• Label all the cases in this English sentence.
Margarita, give the book to Hadrianus with Jason’s pencil.
Margarita, give the book to Hadrianus with Jason’s pencil.
The First Declension!• Declension= the listing of all
the cases of a noun or adjective
• To decline a noun–1. Find the base• take the 2nd dictionary
ending and drop the genitive ending
–2. add the endings
The First Declension!
• Example- In the dictionary ‘porta, portae’• The base is found by taking portae, dropping
the ‘ae’ ending and we get ‘port’• Then we add the first declension endings to
‘port’
So what are the first declension endings?
Nominative- A AeGenitive- Ae ĀrumDative- Ae ĪsAccusative- Am ĀsAblative- Ā ĪsVocative- A Ae
Declension of porta
Nominative- Porta (port)Genitive- Portae (of the port) Dative- Portae (to/for the port)Accusative- Portam (port)Ablative- Portā (b/w/f the port)Vocative- Porta (port!)
Portae PortārumPortīsPortāsPortīsPortae
You try!
Decline fāma, fāmae f. ‘rumor’
Nominative- Fama (port)Genitive- Famae (of the port)Dative- Famae (to/for the port)Accusative- Famam (port)Ablative- Famā (b/w/f the port)
Vocative- Fama (port!)
FamaeFamārumFamīsFamāsFamīsFamae
Genders
• Every noun has a GENDERThey aren’t intuitive and must be learned when you learn your vocab.
• There are three genders: masculine, feminine and neuter• Almost all 1st declension nouns are FEMININE (because
ladies first!)
Adjectives• An adjective adds information about a noun or pronouns• Examples: great, blue, striped• Adjectives agree with the noun they modify:
CASE (nom. gen.)NUMBER (sg. or pl.) and GENDER (m.f. or n.)
• Most adjectives will be placed next to the noun they go with, usually right after it
• Since adjectives must agree with nouns of all three genders they will have THREE parts in the dictionary– Ex. Magnus (masculine), magna (feminine), and magnum (neuter)