Chapter #2

Features of Life and the Cell

Chapter 2.1 Notes8 features of Living Things

• ReproduceSexual- 2 parentsAsexual- 1 parent2. Grow- increase in size3. Develop- grow parts4. Need FoodHerbivores- plant eatersCarnivores-meat eaterOmnivores- eat both plants and animalsProducers- Green plants

5. Use Energy

Cellular respiration food is broken down and energy is given off

• C6H12O6 + 6O2 6 CO2 + 6H2O

Sugar + oxygen = Carbon dioxide + water

6. Made of cells

7. Respond

8. Are adapted to their environments

6 elements that make up 97% of living things

1. Oxygen

2. Carbon

3. Hydrogen

4. Nitrogen

5. Phosphorus

6. Sulfur

The Cell Theory

• 1665- Robert Hooke “Cells”

• 19th Century Schleiden and Schwann came up with the cell theory.

1. All living things are made of cells

2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function

3. All cells come from other cells

Robert Hooke

Chapter 2.2 NotesCell parts (organelles)

1. Cell membrane (door to cell) gives cell shape and holds the cytoplasm. Allow things in and out of the cell.

2. Nucleus (brain) controls cells activities.3. Nuclear membrane (door to nucleus) surrounds

nucleus lets things in and out of nucleus.4. Golgi apparatus (packs) packages and stores

chemicals.5. Nucleolus- makes ribosomes.6. chromosomes contains DNA information.7. Cytoplasm (where chemical reactions occur)

clear, jellylike material between the cell membrane and the nucleus.

8. Endoplasmic Reticulum- ER- (roads) moves materials around cell.

9. Ribosomes- make protein.10.Mitochondria (powerhouse) make energy.11.Vacuole (storage) liquid-filled space for

storage.12.Centrioles (reproduction) used during

reproduction.13.Chloroplast- (make food) have green pigment

called chlorophyll. Plants only.14.Cell wall (support) thick outer covering that

protects and supports plants. Plants only.

10.

12.

11.vacuole

4.

9. 8.

1.cell

2.

5./ chromosomes 6.

/ nuclear membrane 3.

7.

Animal Cell

12 cell parts

Plant Cell

14 cell parts

Chapter 2.3 Notes

• Diffusion- is the movement of a substance from a large (high) amount of it to where there is a small (low) amount of it.

• Osmosis- the diffusion of water.

• The cell membrane has pores.

• Cell- basic unit of life• Tissue- group of cells working together.• Organ- group of tissues.• Organ system- group of organs working together.• Organism- group of organ systems working together.

Levels of Organization

• “Cell” March 6, 2007. http://sun.menloschool.org/~cweaver/cells/animalcell• “Living things”. March 6, 2007.

http://www.edu.pe.ca/journeyon/resources_pages/lesson_plans/lesson_plans_1-3/living_things/images/living_things_000.jpg

• “Food Chain”. March 6,2007. http://www.biology-resources.com/images/interdependence-of-living-things.jpg • http://www.edu365.cat/aulanet/comsoc/persones_tecniques/Robert_Hooke_archivos/Robert_Hooke.jpg• “Diffusion”. March 8, 2007.

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://epswww.unm.edu/coursinf/eps462/graphics/diffusion.gif&imgrefurl=http://epswww.unm.edu/coursinf/eps462/page4.htm&h=398&w=518&sz=17&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=1cx-DpQrcDhM0M:&tbnh=101&tbnw=131&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddiffusion%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den

• “osmosis”. March 8, 2007. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/osmosis.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.biologycorner.com/bio1/diffusion.html&h=425&w=605&sz=102&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=AqALyzRVcodMuM:&tbnh=95&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dosmosis%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN

• “Plant Cell”. March 8, 2007. http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/plants/images/plantcell450.jpg

• “Level of organization”. March 8, 2007. http://www.learner.org/channel/courses/essential/life/images/show1.levels.jpg