Chapter 2 Environmental History, Jurisdictional Authority, and Sustainability.
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Transcript of Chapter 2 Environmental History, Jurisdictional Authority, and Sustainability.
Chapter 2 Chapter 2 Environmental History, Environmental History,
Jurisdictional Authority, and Jurisdictional Authority, and SustainabilitySustainability
Environmental Views in Environmental Views in CanadaCanada: 1700s–1800s: 1700s–1800s
Widespread environmental Widespread environmental destructiondestruction
European settlementEuropean settlementFrontier attitudeFrontier attitudeResources appeared inexhaustibleResources appeared inexhaustible
Early Environmental MovementEarly Environmental Movement
Henry David ThoreauHenry David ThoreauWriterWriterLived simplyLived simply
George Perkins MarshGeorge Perkins MarshMan and NatureMan and NatureHumans as agents of changeHumans as agents of change
Early Environmental MovementEarly Environmental Movement Resources quickly Resources quickly
being depletedbeing depleted Emergence of Emergence of
utilitarian utilitarian conversationconversation
Canadian Forest Canadian Forest Service establishedService established
John James AudubonJohn James Audubon– Artist aroused public Artist aroused public
interestinterest
North American Wildlife ModelNorth American Wildlife ModelRecognition that wildlife was Recognition that wildlife was
an exhaustible resourcean exhaustible resourceFirst push to conserve First push to conserve
habitats and wildlifehabitats and wildlifeTwo Principles:Two Principles:
―Wildlife belongs to all North Wildlife belongs to all North AmericansAmericans
―Resources should be managed Resources should be managed sustainablysustainably Making a Difference:
Shane Mahoney
Mid-20Mid-20thth Century Conservation Century Conservation
Droughts of 1930’sDroughts of 1930’sPFRA in 1935PFRA in 1935 DUC in 1938DUC in 1938
Aldo LeopoldAldo LeopoldGame ManagementGame ManagementA Sand County AlmanacA Sand County AlmanacDeveloped a land ethicDeveloped a land ethic
Mid-20Mid-20thth Century Conservation Century ConservationRachel CarsonRachel Carson
Marine biologistMarine biologistSilent SpringSilent Spring
Dangers of pesticidesDangers of pesticidesHeightened public Heightened public
awarenessawareness
Paul EhrlichPaul EhrlichEcologistEcologistThe Population BombThe Population Bomb
The Environmental The Environmental MovementMovement
1970: First Earth 1970: First Earth DayDayGaylord NelsonGaylord NelsonDenis HayesDenis Hayes
Religious supportReligious support1990: 141 1990: 141
nations celebrate nations celebrate Earth DayEarth Day
Important Dates In Important Dates In Environmental HistoryEnvironmental History
1986: Chernobyl nuclear accident1986: Chernobyl nuclear accident1987: Montreal Protocol drafted1987: Montreal Protocol drafted1989: Exxon Valdez oil spill1989: Exxon Valdez oil spill1991: Oil spill in Kuwait1991: Oil spill in Kuwait1999: Human population reaches 6 1999: Human population reaches 6
billionbillion 2010: World’s worst oil spill 2010: World’s worst oil spill
Jurisdictional AuthorityJurisdictional Authority British Common Law:British Common Law:
―Property owners have the right to use land Property owners have the right to use land and resources on their land as they wishand resources on their land as they wish
―Little influence on environmental Little influence on environmental protectionprotection
Statute Law:Statute Law:―BNA Act of 1867, government has control BNA Act of 1867, government has control
over environmental rules and regulationsover environmental rules and regulations―Divided responsibility between the federal Divided responsibility between the federal
and provincial governmentsand provincial governments
Environmental LegislationEnvironmental LegislationEnvironment Environment
Canada is legally Canada is legally incorporated, 1971incorporated, 1971
Canadian Canadian Environmental Environmental Assessment Act, Assessment Act, 19921992
Canadian Canadian Environmental Environmental Protection Act, 1999Protection Act, 1999
Application of ethical Application of ethical standards to standards to environmental environmental questionsquestions
Based on values, Based on values, which changewhich change
Consider people today Consider people today and in the futureand in the future
Involves many Involves many tradeoffstradeoffs
Environmental EthicsEnvironmental Ethics
Helps us make sense of: Helps us make sense of:
- How the environment - How the environment worksworks
- Our place in the - Our place in the environmentenvironment
- Right and wrong behaviors- Right and wrong behaviors Two extremesTwo extremes
- Western- Western
- Deep ecology- Deep ecology
Environmental WorldviewsEnvironmental Worldviews
Expansionist; frontier attitudeExpansionist; frontier attitude Human-centered, utilitarianHuman-centered, utilitarian Exploit natureExploit nature Accumulate wealthAccumulate wealth AnthropocentricAnthropocentric
Western WorldviewWestern Worldview
Deep Ecology WorldviewDeep Ecology Worldview Based on harmony Based on harmony
with naturewith nature Spiritual respect for Spiritual respect for
lifelife All species are equalAll species are equal Requires radical shift Requires radical shift
in modern thinkingin modern thinking Need for population Need for population
controlcontrol BiocentricBiocentric
Aboriginal WorldviewAboriginal Worldview Passed on from Passed on from
generation to generation to generationgeneration
Traditional stories, Traditional stories, rituals and spiritual rituals and spiritual beliefsbeliefs
Humans live in Humans live in harmony with natureharmony with nature
Traditional Traditional knowledgeknowledge
Add the image that will be place in Chapter 2 Figure 2.14
Voluntary SimplicityVoluntary Simplicity How should you live?How should you live? Material wealth not required for Material wealth not required for
happinesshappiness Values andValues and
character importantcharacter important How can you How can you
make changes? make changes?
Environmental JusticeEnvironmental Justice Right of everyone to protection from Right of everyone to protection from
environmental harmenvironmental harm Moral sense of fairness & equalityMoral sense of fairness & equality Who is exposed to the most pollutants?Who is exposed to the most pollutants? Where are manyWhere are many
landfills and toxiclandfills and toxic
waste facilitieswaste facilities
located?located?
A Plan Is NeededA Plan Is Needed Carrying capacityCarrying capacity
- Maximum population that can be - Maximum population that can be sustainedsustained
- What is our carrying capacity?- What is our carrying capacity? Human population Human population
must be stabilizedmust be stabilized Over consumption Over consumption
must stopmust stop
Strategies for Sustainable Strategies for Sustainable Living: RecommendationsLiving: Recommendations
Eliminate poverty—stabilize human Eliminate poverty—stabilize human populationpopulation
Protect and restore Earth’s resourcesProtect and restore Earth’s resources Provide adequate food for all peopleProvide adequate food for all people Mitigate climate changeMitigate climate change Design sustainable citiesDesign sustainable cities
DevelopmentDevelopment Goal: improve quality of human lifeGoal: improve quality of human life Unequal distribution of resourcesUnequal distribution of resources Many live on less than $2 per dayMany live on less than $2 per day How can this problem be solved?How can this problem be solved? What can you do?What can you do?
Biodiversity & UsBiodiversity & Us Biodiversity: variety of living Biodiversity: variety of living
organismsorganisms Humans are part of Earth’s web of Humans are part of Earth’s web of
lifelife What does biodiversity do for us?What does biodiversity do for us? Ecosystem servicesEcosystem services
Protecting BiodiversityProtecting Biodiversity
Much biodiversity is in Much biodiversity is in
the developing worldthe developing world Need for more scientistsNeed for more scientists Proper management of Proper management of
landland EveryEvery country needs a country needs a
planplan
Eco Canada Career FocusEco Canada Career Focus
Have you considered Have you considered a career as an a career as an environmental environmental assessment analysts?assessment analysts?
Identify, assess and Identify, assess and mitigate mitigate environmental effects environmental effects of proposed projectsof proposed projects
Case Study: Jakarta, IndonesiaCase Study: Jakarta, Indonesia Population 16.9 million: 2006Population 16.9 million: 2006 Pollution from ~ 2 million commuters Pollution from ~ 2 million commuters
dailydaily 95% of human95% of human
waste not cleanedwaste not cleaned FloodingFlooding SquattersSquatters What can be done?What can be done?
““The test of our progress is not The test of our progress is not whether we add more to the whether we add more to the
abundance of those who have abundance of those who have much; it is whether we provide much; it is whether we provide enough for those who have too enough for those who have too
little.”little.”
Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 1937Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 1937