Chapter 2Circulationand Respiration

Vocabulary

CardiovascularSystem

Heart, Bloodand Blood Vessels

Artery

blood carried away from the heart

Vein

carries bloodto the heart

blood flows from theheart to the lungsand back to the

heart

PulmonaryCirculation

Systemic Circulation

blood flows from the heart to all parts ofthe body and back to the heart

Section 1: The Cardiovascular System

Section 1

The Cardiovascular System

HeartThe heart is the organ made mostly of cardiac muscle.

The Cardiovascular System:

1. Helps maintain homeostasis.

2. Helps in regulation by chemical signalscalled hormones.

1. What is the Heart muscle called?_____________

ligament

cardiac

carries bloodto the heartVein

Veins:

Valves in the veins keep the blood from flowing backward.

1. Veins keep the blood flowing.

2. Veins carry blood to the heart.

1. What carries blood to the heart?_____________veins

oxygen

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GbttJ-5do9M

Click on the blue button to watch a video on the Heart.

Arteryblood carried away from the heart

Arteries:

Arteries have thick walls that contain muscle.

1. Artery walls stretch.

2. Arteries are strong to stand pressure.

1. What do the walls do in the artery?________________ stretch

break

2. Arteries stand pressure because they are?___________________

weak

strong

Blood

fluid that carries nutrients andwastes

BloodPressure

force of blood

Section 2: Blood

Bloodfluid that carries nutrients andwastes

Red Blood Cells

The fluid part of the blood is called Plasma.

Plasma contains:

1) Red blood cells

2) White blood cells

3) Platelets

Red blood cells take oxygen to every cell in your body.

Hemoglobin is an oxygen-carrying protein.

Platelets are pieces of larger cells found in bones.

White blood cells keep you healthy by destroying pathogens.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vEmsaXA-go0

Click on blue button to watch a video on blood and platelets.

BloodPressure

force of blood

Blood pressure cuff

Blood pressure is given as two numbers:

Systolic: 1st number: is the pressure inside large arteries when the ventricles contract.

Diastolic: 2nd number: is the pressure inside arteries when the ventricles relax.

Each person has one of four blood types: A, B, AB, O

http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/videos/humanbody/heart.html

Click on the blue button to watch a video on the heart.

Section 3: The Lymphatic System

The Lymphatic System collects excess fluid and returns it to your bloodstream.

Bone Marrow

soft tissue insidethe bone

Tonsils

lymphatic tissue at the backof the mouth on eitherside of the tongue

Bone Marrow soft tissue inside the bone

Most red and white blood cells are produced in your bone marrow.

Bone marrow is located inside the bone.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_d0ykpzQgY

Click the blue button to watch a video on how the blood pumps.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xpsGsfuffEM

Click the blue button to watch a video on red blood cells.

1) Where is bone marrow located?_________inside

outside

2) What is produced in the marrow?_________blood cells

lymph nodes

Tonsils

lymphatic tissue at the backof the mouth on eitherside of the tongue

Tonsils help the body defend against infection.

Sometimes tonsils can become sore and swollen.

If a child has frequent infections or has enlarged tonsils, a doctor will remove the tonsils.

1) What helps your body against infection?_______________ tonsils

healthy eating

Section 4: The Respiratory System

RespirationThe process where the bodygets oxygen and releases carbon dioxide

Pharynx Throat

Larynx The part of the throat thatcontains the vocal cords

TracheaThe tube that connectsthe larynx to the lungs

RespirationThe process where the bodygets oxygen and releases carbon dioxide

Breathing: Inhaling & Exhaling

- Chemical reactions that release energy from food.

- You need to breathe to live.

Cellular Respiration

1) What do you need to live?________________breathing

a dog

2) What do you inhale?______________

3) What do you exhale?____________

oxygen

carbon dioxide

carbon dioxide

oxygen

Blowing up a balloon is exhaling.

Pharynx Throat

Food and drink travel through the pharynx on the way to the stomach.

A) The pharynx branches into two tubes.

B) One tube is the esophagus and the other is the larynx.

C) The esophagus leads to the stomach.

D) The larynx leads to the lungs.

1. What tube leads to the stomach?_____________esophagus

lungs

Larynx The part of the throat thatcontains the vocal cords

The vocal cords are a pair of elastic bandsthat stretch across the larynx.

A) Muscles connected to the larynx control how much the vocal cords are stretched.

B) When air flows between the vocal cords, the cords vibrate.

C) These vibrations make sound.

Click on the blue button to watch a video on sound.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xH8mT2IQz7Y

larynx1) Why do vocal cords vibrate?____________air flow

liquid flow

2) What makes sound?______________vibrations

elastic bands

1

Trachea The tube that connectsthe larynx to the lungs

The Trachea is also known as your windpipe.

A) Your body has two, large spongelike lungs.

B) The trachea is the passageway for air traveling from the larynx to the lungs.

1) What is the passageway for air?____________________trachea

esophagus

2) the trachea is also known as the?___________________windpipe

esophagus