Chapter 19 Reaction Rates And Equilibrium. Rates Measures the speed of change over an interval of...
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Transcript of Chapter 19 Reaction Rates And Equilibrium. Rates Measures the speed of change over an interval of...
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Chapter 19Reaction Rates
AndEquilibrium
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RatesMeasures the speed of change over an interval of time
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Collision TheoryAtoms, ions, and molecules can react to form products when they collide with enough kinetic energy.
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Activation EnergyThe minimum amount of energy that particles must have to react.
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Transition StateThe point at the peak of the activation energy where compounds change back to reactants or form new products.
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4 Factors affecting Reaction Rates
1.Temperature: Increase in temperature = increase in KE, w/more KE one has more and harder collisions causing more product to form
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2. ConcentrationMore molecules means greater chance of collision resulting in the formation of new products.
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3. Particle Size(increased surface area)
The more surface area you have the greater the chance of collision.
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4. CatalystA substance that speeds up a reaction without being used up in that reaction.Usually written above the yields sign in an equation.
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InhibitorsWorks against the catalyst.
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Reversible ReactionsThe reaction occurs in both directions at the same time.
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2 SO2 + O2 2 SO3
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Chemical EquilibriumA state at which the forward and reverse reaction occur at the same rate.
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**DOES NOT MEAN**Same amount of product and reactant formed.
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LeChatlier’s PrincipleIf stress is applied to a system in dynamic equilibrium, the system changes to relieve the stress.
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ConcentrationIncreasing the concentration will always change the equilibrium away from the increased concentration.
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H2CO3 CO2 + H2O
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TemperatureEquilibrium shifts in the direction that absorbs the heat
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2 SO2 + O2 2 SO3+ Heat
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Pressure (in gasses)
Only affects equilibrium if there is an unequal # of moles. Equilibrium moves to the side w/less moles.
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K(eq) Equilibrium Constant
The lower case letters = # of moles of that compoundaA + bB cC + dD
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K(eq)=[C]c
x [D]d [A]a
x [B]b
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K(eq) Equilibrium ConstantIt shows whether products or reactants are favored in the reaction.K(eq) > 1 Products are favored
K(eq) < 1 Reactants are favored