Chapter 19 An Age of Explorations and Isolations, 1400-1800.

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Chapter 19 Chapter 19 An Age of Explorations An Age of Explorations and Isolations, 1400-1800 and Isolations, 1400-1800

Transcript of Chapter 19 An Age of Explorations and Isolations, 1400-1800.

Page 1: Chapter 19 An Age of Explorations and Isolations, 1400-1800.

Chapter 19Chapter 19An Age of Explorations and An Age of Explorations and

Isolations, 1400-1800Isolations, 1400-1800

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Chapter 19 Section 1- Europeans Chapter 19 Section 1- Europeans Explore the EastExplore the East

European European exploration was an exploration was an important step important step toward the global toward the global interaction that interaction that exists today.exists today.

The Renaissance The Renaissance spirit of adventure spirit of adventure prompted prompted Europeans to Europeans to explore the world explore the world around them. around them.

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Why Explore?Why Explore? Grow rich and spread Grow rich and spread

Christianity. “God, Christianity. “God, Glory, and Gold”Glory, and Gold”

The desire for new The desire for new sources of wealth was sources of wealth was the main reason for the main reason for European exploration.European exploration.

Traders looking to Traders looking to capitalize on the capitalize on the growing demand for growing demand for spices/luxury goods spices/luxury goods from Asia. (nutmeg, from Asia. (nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon, and ginger, cinnamon, and pepper)pepper)

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Old vs. New Spice TradeOld vs. New Spice Trade

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To Asia via the Ocean…To Asia via the Ocean… Finding a direct sea route to Asia enabled Finding a direct sea route to Asia enabled

Europeans to “cut out the middle man”Europeans to “cut out the middle man” Technology makes sailing easier with the caravel. Technology makes sailing easier with the caravel.

(ship better suited to sail against the wind)(ship better suited to sail against the wind) Portugal the first European country to establish Portugal the first European country to establish

trading outposts along Africa. trading outposts along Africa.

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PortugalPortugal

Portugal takes the Portugal takes the lead in overseas lead in overseas exploration due to exploration due to strong government strong government support.support.

Prince HenryPrince Henry promoted promoted Portuguese Portuguese exploration and exploration and earned the title earned the title “The Navigator”.“The Navigator”.

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Prince Henry “The Navigator”Prince Henry “The Navigator”

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Impact of Prince HenryImpact of Prince Henry

By the time Henry died in 1460, the Portuguese By the time Henry died in 1460, the Portuguese had established a series of trading ports along had established a series of trading ports along western Africa’s shores.western Africa’s shores.

Traded profitable items such as gold and ivory. Traded profitable items such as gold and ivory. What’s next?What’s next?

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Other Portuguese ExplorersOther Portuguese Explorers

Bartolomeu DiasBartolomeu Dias reaches the Southeastern reaches the Southeastern coast of Africa. (1488) coast of Africa. (1488)

Vasco da GamaVasco da Gama reaches India in 1497. reaches India in 1497. The cargo that da Gama brought back was The cargo that da Gama brought back was

worth 60 times the cost of the voyage. worth 60 times the cost of the voyage. (pepper, cinnamon)(pepper, cinnamon)

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Maps of Dias and da Gama Maps of Dias and da Gama

Dias Da Gama

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Enter the Spanish…Enter the Spanish…

The Spanish joined the The Spanish joined the Portuguese in Portuguese in overseas exploration.overseas exploration.

1492 1492 Christopher Christopher ColumbusColumbus reaches an reaches an island in the island in the Caribbean. Caribbean.

Voyage would open Voyage would open the way for European the way for European colonization of the colonization of the Americas Americas

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Tensions Tensions

Immediate impact Immediate impact was the increase of was the increase of tensions between tensions between Spain and Portugal. Spain and Portugal.

In 1494, Spain and In 1494, Spain and Portugal sign the Portugal sign the Treaty of Treaty of TordesillasTordesillas. .

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Chapter 19 Section 2Chapter 19 Section 2

Advances under Ming/Qing dynasties left Advances under Ming/Qing dynasties left China uninterested in European contact.China uninterested in European contact.

China resisted interaction with outsiders to China resisted interaction with outsiders to preserve their culture.preserve their culture.

China becomes dominate power under the China becomes dominate power under the Ming DynastyMing Dynasty. (1368-1644). (1368-1644)

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The Ming DynastyThe Ming Dynasty HongwuHongwu (1368-1398) (1368-1398) Drove Mongols out of Drove Mongols out of

China.China. 1st Ming Emperor1st Ming Emperor Reforms aimed at Reforms aimed at

promoting China’s promoting China’s power and prosperity. power and prosperity. (agriculture)(agriculture)

Had problems later in Had problems later in rule. (Suspected plots, rule. (Suspected plots, killed thousands of killed thousands of governmental officials)governmental officials)

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The Ming DynastyThe Ming Dynasty

YongloYonglo (Hongwu’s son) (Hongwu’s son) Continued Hongwu’s policies.Continued Hongwu’s policies. Moved Royal Court to BeijingMoved Royal Court to Beijing Before the Europeans in 1405, Yonglo led Before the Europeans in 1405, Yonglo led

7 voyages to show the power of the Ming 7 voyages to show the power of the Ming dynasty. (1488-Dias, 1498-Gama)dynasty. (1488-Dias, 1498-Gama)

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Voyages of Voyages of Zheng HeZheng He Chinese Muslim admiral that led the 7 voyages Chinese Muslim admiral that led the 7 voyages

under Yonglo.under Yonglo. Voyages involved as many as 300 ships and Voyages involved as many as 300 ships and

crews numbered 27,000 or more.crews numbered 27,000 or more. The fleet sailed from port to port along the Indian The fleet sailed from port to port along the Indian

Ocean.Ocean. After the 7th voyage in 1433, China withdrew into After the 7th voyage in 1433, China withdrew into

isolation isolation

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Map of Zheng HeMap of Zheng He

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Fall of the Ming DynastyFall of the Ming Dynasty By 1600, the By 1600, the MingMing had ruled for more than had ruled for more than

200 years, and the dynasty was 200 years, and the dynasty was weakening.weakening.

Problems (ineffective rulers, corrupt Problems (ineffective rulers, corrupt officials, government out of money)officials, government out of money)

In 1644, the In 1644, the Manchus Manchus invaded China and invaded China and the Ming Dynasty collapsed. the Ming Dynasty collapsed.

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Qing Dynasty Qing Dynasty They took a They took a

Chinese name for Chinese name for their dynasty, the their dynasty, the QingQing dynasty. dynasty.

QingQing dynasty would dynasty would rule for more than rule for more than 260 years and 260 years and expand China’s expand China’s border. border.

The Qing upheld The Qing upheld China’s traditional China’s traditional Confucian beliefs Confucian beliefs and social and social structures.structures.

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Chinese IsolationChinese Isolation

To the Chinese, their country had To the Chinese, their country had been the cultural center of the been the cultural center of the universe for 2,000 years.universe for 2,000 years.

If foreign states wished to trade with If foreign states wished to trade with China, they would have to follow China, they would have to follow China’s rules. China’s rules.