Chapter 18: The Muslim World

Expands 1300-1700

Vocabulary I • Ottoman: Followers of Osman• Sultan: Overlord/One with Power: Title for rulers of the

Ottoman Empire• Suleiman the Lawgiver: Leader of the Ottoman Empire

through its Golden Age• Janissary: Elite solider of the Ottoman Empire• Mughal: Nomads who invaded the Indian Subcontinent in

the 16th

• Akbar: “Great One” leader of the Mughal Empire during its Golden Age

• Taj Mahal: Beautiful tomb in Agra, India. Built by Shah Jahan for his wife Mumtaz Mahal

The Ottomans Build A Vast Empire

Chapter 18:1

Turks Settle in Christian Byzantium

• Osman Establishes a State• Beginning in 1300, Ottoman Turks began to use

gunpowder and cannons• By 1361, the Ottomans had conquered most of

Byzantium

• Powerful Sultans Spur Dramatic Expansion• Mehmet II Conquers Constantinople• City falls after five week siege, renamed Istanbul, became

Islamic capital• Constantinople 1,000,000 vs. 50,000 (population decrease) • Why did Mehmet II want Constantinople? • Mankind: The Story of All of US• Effects of the Turks taking over Constantinople

Suleiman the Lawgiver (Magnificent)

• The Empire Reaches its Limits• Captured southeastern Europe,

(Belgrade) • Finally stopped at Vienna

• Highly Structured Social Organization• Sultan was at the top, backed by

Islamic converts called janissaries• Freedom of religion was given to

Christians and Jews• Many cultural achievements were

made, including famous mosques• Creative Period like the Renaissance• Art, Architecture, Math, Science

• Law Code: Criminal/Civil Laws

Main Ideas

1. How did the Ottomans expand their empire?2. Why was Suleiman called the Lawgiver?3. How powerful was the Ottoman Empire compared to

other empires of the time?

The Mughal Empire In India

Chapter: 18:3

Early History of the Mughal Empire

• Ongoing Conflicts• From 600 to 1000 AD, Arab

Muslims conquered more and more Hindu territory

• Constant Warfare

• Babur founds an Empire• In 1526, he defeated the

Sultan of Dehli, founding the Mughal Empire

• 11 years old (Uzbekistan and Tajikistan)

• Swept into India

The Golden Age of Akbar (Grandson of Babur)

• A Liberal Ruler• Though a Muslim, he strictly

enforced religious freedom

• A Military Conqueror• Expanded the Empire into central

India, had 100 million people under his control

• Social freedom for jobs• Income based tax system

• A Flowering of Culture• Art became important, especially

painting• Literacy increased, and new

advances in architecture were made

Akbar’s Successors (1605-1707)

• Achievements of Successors• Expanded Mughal Empire to

include almost all of Indian

• Problems• Ended religious toleration

of non-Muslims• Drained resources through

constant warfare• Harsh rule turned people

against Mughal rulers• Power of local lords and

foreign merchants grew

Shah Jahan• Akbar’s grandson• Loved two things: Beautiful Buildings/Wife (Mumtz Mahal) • Arranged Marriage• Died after 14th birth• Ordered a tomb, “as beautiful as she was beautiful”• 1,000 elephants used• 20,000 workers• 22 years• Changing lights=women’s mood change?

• Marble, jewels, collapsing?

Taj Mahal

Main Ideas1. How did Akbar demonstrate tolerance in

his empire?

2. Why was the Taj Mahal built?