Chapter 18, Sections 1 & 2
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Transcript of Chapter 18, Sections 1 & 2
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Chapter 18, Sections 1 & 2World War I
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CAUSES OF WAR
-Nationalisma.) new nations form (Italy & Germany-1870s)b.) competition for power
-Imperialism
-Militarism-Schlieffen Plan-rifles v. machine
guns
-Alliances
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Germany
Russia
Austria-Hungary
England
France
Italy
Serbia
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SCHLIEFFEN PLAN
-a plan to prevent a war for Germany on two separate fronts
Assumed:-Russia would take at least 6 weeks to
mobilize-France would be easily defeated in 6
weeks-Belgium would not resist any German
attack-Britain would remain neutral
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PRE-WAR ALLIANCES
Triple Alliance Triple Entente
-Germany -France-Austria-Hungary -Russia-Italy -Great Britain
-To decrease chances of war-balance of power
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Gavrilo Princip Archduke Ferdinand
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Archduke Ferdinand
Assassinated
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
Russia mobilizes troops to protect Serbs
Germany declares war on
Russia b/c of mobilization;
also on France; invades Belgium
Great Britain
declares war on
Germany b/c of
Belgium
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WWI ALLIANCES
Central Powers Allied Powers
-Germany -France-Austria-Hungary -Russia-Ottoman Empire -England
-Italy!!!
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Adriatic Sea
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GERMANY ATTACKS
-Schlieffen Plan
-Aug. 4, 1914- attacks neutral country of Belgium in order to get to France
-Great Britain declares war on Germany
-new kind of warfare
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THE 1ST BATTLE OF THE MARNE
-Germans were 25 miles from Paris
-French counterattack along Marne River- Sept. 7, 1914
-French push the Germans back 40 miles
-5 days; 250,000 lives lost
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Significance of Battle
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STALEMATE IN THE WAR
-trench warfare
-no-man’s land
-p.587
-life in the trenches
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NEW WEAPONS
-needed to end stalemate
-Germans: chemical warfare
-English & French follow
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NEW WEAPONS
-Tanks
-Artillery
-Airplanes
-trench warfare continues!
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AMERICA AS ISOLATIONISTS
-isolationism
-but leaned toward the Allied Cause
-Woodrow Wilson
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GERMAN U-BOATS
-Unrestricted warfare
-Sussex
-Sussex Pledge
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PEACE W/O VICTORY
-Wilson re-elected
-”peace without victory”
-Germany resumes unrestricted submarine warfare
-U.S. ends diplomatic relations with Germany
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ZIMMERMAN NOTE
-called for an alliance between Mexico and Germany
-goal was to tie up American forces in the Western Hemisphere
-intercepted/decoded by British
-Wilson refuses to wage war
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FINAL BREAKING POINT
-March 1917- German U-boats sink 3 American merchant vessels
-America declares war on Germany on April 6, 1917