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CHAPTER 18 SECTION 1 The Power of Spain. Key Terms Absolut Monarch Divine right Charles V Peace of...
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Transcript of CHAPTER 18 SECTION 1 The Power of Spain. Key Terms Absolut Monarch Divine right Charles V Peace of...
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CHAPTER 18SECTION 1
The Power of Spain
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Key Terms
Absolut MonarchDivine rightCharles VPeace of AugsburgPhilip IIEl Greco
Diego VelazquezMiguel de CervantesSister Juana Ines de
la CruzSpanish Armada
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The King Becomes and Emperor
1516 Teenaged Charles became king
Member of the Hapsburg family
Absolut monarch-a ruler whose power was not limited to consulting with other
Divine right- received their power from God and cannot be challenged
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Charles the V and the Empire
1500-1700’s they imposed their will on Europe
King of Spain, Belgium, Netherlands, colonies in the Americas
Borrowed money to get votes to be the Holy Roman Emperor
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Charles V and the Empire
Now controls Italy, Austria and parts of Germany
Charles face many enemies
Charles faced religious fighting
Closely connected to the Catholic Church
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Charles the V and the Empire
1521 Charles confronted Martin Luther
Declared him and outlaw
Peace of Augsburg- 1555 gave German prince the right to choose Catholic or Protestant
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Charles V and the Empire
Charles had more success in the Americas
Spanish explorers claimed much the Americas for Spain
Hernan Cortes conquered the Aztecs
Francisco Coronado explored and found gold
20 years later gold was flowing from the Americas
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Dividing the Empire
Charles V gave up his throne in 1556
Divided his empire between his brother and his son
Philip II ruled Netherlands, Spain, Sicily, and Spain’s colonies in the Americas
Charles V spent the rest of his life in a monastery
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Artistic Achievements
Greek Domenico Theotocopoulos known as El Greco Famous for elongated
human figures Religious work
reflected the Reformation
Diego Velazquez-portrayed people of all social classes with great dignity
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Literature
Miquel de Cervantes- wrote Don Quixote de la Mancha Man caught between
medieval and modern world
Sister Juana Ines de la Cruz-Wrote poetry, thought women should be educated (criticized by the Church)
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Spain under Philip II
Reached its peak of grandeur
Gold and silver from the Americas
Immense wealth Spain’s power grewGold could not solve
Spain’s problems
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Religion and Revolt
Philip II devout Catholic
Leader of the Counter-Reformation
Philip married Queen Mary I of England
Died before she gave birth to an heir to return England to Catholicism
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Religion and Revolt
Faith clashed with Calvinist Protestantism
Spreading through the low countries
Dutch refused allegiance to Philip II
Sent Duke of AlbaCourt of Alba tortured
and executed thousands of people
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Religion and Revolt
1609 seven provinces broke away formed the Netherlands
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Spain and England
Spain and England were rivals
English sent aid to Dutch rebels
Infuriated PhilipEngland’s Queen
Elizabeth was allowing attacks on Spanish ships
Stole the gold and silver for England
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Spain and England
King Philip II wanted to stop England’s raids and return it to Catholicism
Spanish Armada- 130 ships and 20,000 soldiers
Fleet was called invincible, unbeatable
Sailed into English Channel 1588
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Spain and England
Spanish packed ships for a land invasion
Planned to join forces with Spanish forces in the Netherlands
Naval battles damaged the fleet
English set 8 ships on fire and aimed them at the Armada
Spain retreated and lost several ships in a storm
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An Empire in Decline
England remained Protestant
Spain had internal problems
Philip spent wealth on constant warfare
Borrowed money and went bankrupt four times
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An Empire in Decline
Flood of gold and silver drove up prices causing inflation
Spain’s industries relied on their agriculture
Economy lagged behind other countries
Spain declined as a major power