WWII Notes 9: Allies Victorious South and East World Wars – Hamer April 28, 2010.
Chapter 18 Section 1 Origins of the Cold War. Former Allies Crash Problems building between the US...
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Transcript of Chapter 18 Section 1 Origins of the Cold War. Former Allies Crash Problems building between the US...
![Page 1: Chapter 18 Section 1 Origins of the Cold War. Former Allies Crash Problems building between the US and SU before and during WWII.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649c8a5503460f949443e0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 18 Section 1
Origins of the Cold War
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Former Allies Crash
• Problems building between the US and SU before and during WWII
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Former Allies Crash
• Soviet Communism:– State controlled all
property– All economic activity– Totalitarian
Communist Party allowed no opposition party
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Former Allies Crash
• The United States:– Capitalist system– Private citizens
controlled almost all property and economic activity
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Former Allies Crash
• US furious at Stalin-Signed nonaggression pact with Hitler in 1939
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Truman Becomes President
• Key American figure in early part of the Cold War
• Became President when FDR died
• 82 days as Vice President-met with FDR only twice
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Truman Becomes President
• FDR left Truman uninformed on military matters
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Truman Becomes President
• With the war ending Truman would have to
1. Make difficult military decisions
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Potsdam Conference
• Truman’s 1st meeting with other major world leaders-Potsdam, July 1945
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Potsdam Conference
• Not only did the Soviets not allow free elections in Poland, but they banned democratic parties
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Potsdam Conference
• Truman pushed for free elections-Stalin refused
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Tension Mounts
• Refusal to allow free elections convinced Truman that American and Soviet goals were at odds
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Tension Mounts
• Americans and British opposed Soviet demands
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Tension Mounts
• At odds over Eastern Europe
• US wanted Eastern Europe to stay open to trade
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Soviets Tighten Grips on Eastern Europe
• Soviets felt justified to stay in Eastern Europe
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Soviets Tighten Grips on Eastern Europe
• Stalin propped up communist governments in Eastern European nations
• The Satellite Nations-
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Soviets Tighten Grips on Eastern Europe
• Stalin seized the industry of these nations to rebuild the Soviet Union
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United States Establishes a Policy of Containment
• US institutes a policy of Containment towards the Soviet Union
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United States Establishes a Policy of Containment
• Containment Policy worked by:– Creating alliances– Supporting weaker
nations
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United States Establishes a Policy of Containment
• March 1946 Churchill gives his “Iron Curtain” speech
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Cold War in Europe
• Conflicting US and Soviet aims in Eastern Europe led to the Cold War
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Cold War in Europe
• During the Cold War, the US and Soviet Union tried to spread their economic and political influence wherever they could– Eventually spread to
Asia, Africa, and Latin America
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The Truman Doctrine
• US 1st tried to contain communism in Greece and Turkey
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The Truman Doctrine
• US spent $400 million to help Greece and Turkey
• Truman Doctrine-
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Marshall Plan
• After WWII, Europe was in economic chaos
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Marshall Plan
• 1946-47-harsh winter• Food shortages• Fuel shortages
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Marshall Plan
• June 1947 US Secretary of State George Marshall proposed that the US help
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Marshall Plan
• Congress debated plan for several months
• Then…
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Marshall Plan
• Invasions showed the need for congress to move quickly and help create strong, stable governments in Europe
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Marshall Plan
• The Plan was a success
• By 1952 Western Europe was flourishing
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Superpowers Struggle Over Germany
• Europe starts to get back on its feet
• Western allies and Soviets arguing over German reunification
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Berlin Airlift
• 1948-Western Zones combine into 1 nation
• Soviets respond by holding Berlin Hostage
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Berlin Airlift
• Soviets cut off all access to Berlin
• No supplies could get in
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Berlin Airlift
• Americans and British started the Berlin Airlift-fly food and supplies to West Berlin
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Berlin Airlift
• 277,000 flights made delivering 2.3 million tons of supplies
• West Berlin survived
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Berlin Airlift
• May 1949 West Germany becomes known as the Federal Republic of Germany with its capital at Bonn
• East Germany becomes German Democratic Republic with its capital in East Berlin
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NATO
• Blockade increased fear of Soviet aggression
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NATO
• NATO-North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• An attack on one regarded as an attack on all