N Chapter 18~ Microbial Models: The Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria.
Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
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Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
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Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria. Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria. Viruses: are much smaller than bacteria consist of a genome in a protective coat reproduce only within host cell use enzymes and ribosomes of host to make more viruses. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Chapter 18Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Viruses:• are much smaller than bacteria
•consist of a genome in a protective coat
•reproduce only within host cell
•use enzymes and ribosomes of host to make more viruses
Chapter 18Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Lytic cycle:
Lysogenic cycle:
Chapter 18Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Lytic cycle:Virus destroys host DNA, makes new viruses, digests cell wall
Lysogenic cycle:Virus inserts DNA into host genome (becoming a dormant prophage). Generations later, virus reactivates.
Chapter 18Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Lytic cycle:
Chapter 18Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Lytic cycle:
Chapter 18Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Lytic cycle:
Chapter 18Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Lytic cycle:
Chapter 18Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Lytic cycle:
Chapter 18Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Lytic cycle:
Chapter 18Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Lytic cycle:
Chapter 18Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Lytic cycle:
Chapter 18Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Lytic cycle:
Chapter 18Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Lytic cycle:
Chapter 18Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Lytic cycle:
Chapter 18Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Lysogenic cycle:
Chapter 18Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Lysogenic cycle:
Chapter 18Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Lysogenic cycle:
Chapter 18Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Lysogenic cycle:
Chapter 18Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Lysogenic cycle:
prophage
Chapter 18Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Lysogenic cycle:
Chapter 18Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Lysogenic cycle:
Chapter 18Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Chapter 18Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Lysogenic cycle:
Chapter 18Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Lysogenic cycle:
Chapter 18Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Lysogenic cycle:
Chapter 18Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Lysogenic cycle:
Chapter 18Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Lysogenic cycle:
Chapter 18Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Lysogenic cycle:
Animal Viruses:• are diverse in their means of infection
•often have an envelope acquired from cell membrane.
Chapter 18Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Retroviruses:• made of RNA
•use reverse transcriptase to make DNA from RNA template
•DNA inserts into host genome as dormant provirus.
Chapter 18Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Emerging viruses:•existing viruses that are expanding their host territory.
Chapter 18Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Viroids:•naked RNA
Prions:•infectious proteins
•mad cow disease.
Chapter 18Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Plasmids:•Small rings of DNA with accessory genes
Bacteria
Plasmids:•Small rings of DNA with accessory genes.
chromosome
plasmid
Bacteria
Transformation:
Bacteria
Transformation:•Bacteria take up naked DNA
Bacteria
Transformation:•Bacteria take up naked DNA
Bacteria
Transformation:•Bacteria take up naked DNA
Bacteria
Transduction:
Bacteria
Transduction:•Phages carry bacterial DNA
Bacteria
Transduction:•Phages carry bacterial DNA
Bacteria
Transduction:•Phages carry bacterial DNA
Bacteria
Transduction:•Phages carry bacterial DNA
Bacteria
Transduction:•Phages carry bacterial DNA
Bacteria
Conjugation:
Bacteria
Conjugation:•Bacteria “mate” to share DNA
Bacteria
Conjugation:•Bacteria “mate” to share DNA
Bacteria
Conjugation:•Bacteria “mate” to share DNA
Bacteria
Conjugation:•Bacteria “mate” to share DNA
Bacteria
Conjugation:•Bacteria “mate” to share DNA
Bacteria
Conjugation:•Bacteria “mate” to share DNA
Bacteria
Conjugation:•Bacteria “mate” to share DNA
Bacteria
The F-factor gives a bacteria the ability to conjugate
Bacteria
The F-factor gives a bacteria the ability to conjugate.
The F-plasmid carries the genes for sex pili.
Bacteria
Hfr cells (high frequency or recombination cells) have the F plasmid incorporated into the chromosome
Bacteria
Hfr cells (high frequency or recombination cells) have the F plasmid incorporated into the chromosome.
The F-factor of an Hfr carries other genes along with it.
Bacteria
R-plasmids carry antibiotic resistance.
Bacteria
Transposons are “jumping genes” that can move about in the genome.
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Bacteria
