Chapter 18 Fishes. Characteristics Phylum: Craniata (describes the skull that surrounds their brain...
-
Upload
madeline-carpenter -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
1
Transcript of Chapter 18 Fishes. Characteristics Phylum: Craniata (describes the skull that surrounds their brain...
![Page 1: Chapter 18 Fishes. Characteristics Phylum: Craniata (describes the skull that surrounds their brain Much evolution occurred in freshwater Much evolution.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032707/56649e185503460f94b04d83/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 18
Fishes
![Page 2: Chapter 18 Fishes. Characteristics Phylum: Craniata (describes the skull that surrounds their brain Much evolution occurred in freshwater Much evolution.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032707/56649e185503460f94b04d83/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Characteristics
• Phylum: Craniata (describes the skull that surrounds their brain
• Much evolution occurred in freshwater
• Much evolution involved the movement of fish between fresh and marine environments
• Over 41% of fish live in freshwater even though only small percentage of the Earth’s water resources is freshwater
![Page 3: Chapter 18 Fishes. Characteristics Phylum: Craniata (describes the skull that surrounds their brain Much evolution occurred in freshwater Much evolution.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032707/56649e185503460f94b04d83/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Subphylum Hyperotreti: Hagfishes
• 20 species• Heads are supported by
cartilage and brains enclosed in a fibrous sheath
• Retain a notochord• 4 pairs of sensory tentacles
surrounding their mouths• Cold water marine habitats • Most primitive group in the
craniata• Live buried in the sand and
mud• Feed off of soft bodied
invertebrates and scavenge dead and dying fish
• Slimy skin
![Page 4: Chapter 18 Fishes. Characteristics Phylum: Craniata (describes the skull that surrounds their brain Much evolution occurred in freshwater Much evolution.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032707/56649e185503460f94b04d83/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Subphylum Vertebrata: Ostracoderms
• Extinct agnathans• Had bony armor as a
defense• Bottom dwellers• Filter feeders
![Page 5: Chapter 18 Fishes. Characteristics Phylum: Craniata (describes the skull that surrounds their brain Much evolution occurred in freshwater Much evolution.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032707/56649e185503460f94b04d83/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Subphylum Vertebrata: Hyperoartia-Class Cephalaspidomorphi
• Lampreys• Found in freshwater and
marine environments• Prey on other fish and
their larvae as filter feeders
• Mouth of an adult lamprey is suckerlike with lips that have sensory attachments
• Have salivary glands with anticoagulant secretions and feed mainly on the blood of their prey
![Page 6: Chapter 18 Fishes. Characteristics Phylum: Craniata (describes the skull that surrounds their brain Much evolution occurred in freshwater Much evolution.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032707/56649e185503460f94b04d83/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Lampreys
• Adult lampreys live in the ocean or the Great lakes, at the end of their lives they migrate to freshwater to spawn
• They build spawning nests in shallow water, a female attaches to a rock with her mouth, male use their mouth to attach to the female head and wrap themselves around the female
• Eggs are shed in batches and fertilized externally and then covered in sand
![Page 7: Chapter 18 Fishes. Characteristics Phylum: Craniata (describes the skull that surrounds their brain Much evolution occurred in freshwater Much evolution.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032707/56649e185503460f94b04d83/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Gnathostomata
1. 2 important evolutionary developments
– Jaws: allowed for more efficient gill ventilation
– Paired appendages: used to counteract the tendency to roll during locomotion and control the pitch of the the swimming fish
2. 2 classes: cartilaginous and bony fish
3. Contain the armored fish which are extinct and acanthodians which are also extinct
![Page 8: Chapter 18 Fishes. Characteristics Phylum: Craniata (describes the skull that surrounds their brain Much evolution occurred in freshwater Much evolution.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032707/56649e185503460f94b04d83/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Class Chondrichthyes
• Includes sharks, skates, rays and ratfishes
• Most are carnivores or scavengers
• Have biting mouthparts and paired appendages
![Page 9: Chapter 18 Fishes. Characteristics Phylum: Craniata (describes the skull that surrounds their brain Much evolution occurred in freshwater Much evolution.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032707/56649e185503460f94b04d83/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Subclass Elasmobranchii
• About 820 species
• no swim bladders
• Cartilaginous skeleton
• Born with full sets of teeth
![Page 10: Chapter 18 Fishes. Characteristics Phylum: Craniata (describes the skull that surrounds their brain Much evolution occurred in freshwater Much evolution.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032707/56649e185503460f94b04d83/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Tiger Sharks
• Found in tropical and temperate waters
• Can grow up to 16 ft.
• Solitary, nocturnal
• Wide spectrum of food
• http://www.discovery.com/tv-shows/shark-week/videos/tiger-sharks-snack-on-birds.htm
![Page 11: Chapter 18 Fishes. Characteristics Phylum: Craniata (describes the skull that surrounds their brain Much evolution occurred in freshwater Much evolution.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032707/56649e185503460f94b04d83/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Whale Shark
• Slow moving filter feeding shark
• Largest: 41 feet and 47000 pounds
• Found in warm oceans
• Life span of 70 years
![Page 12: Chapter 18 Fishes. Characteristics Phylum: Craniata (describes the skull that surrounds their brain Much evolution occurred in freshwater Much evolution.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032707/56649e185503460f94b04d83/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Whale Shark
• Feed mainly on plankton
• Docile
• Does not pose a threat to humans
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQrBwN39LJI
![Page 13: Chapter 18 Fishes. Characteristics Phylum: Craniata (describes the skull that surrounds their brain Much evolution occurred in freshwater Much evolution.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032707/56649e185503460f94b04d83/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Hammerhead Shark
• Utilize electroreception
• http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/worlds-deadliest/deadliest-hammerhead-shark
![Page 14: Chapter 18 Fishes. Characteristics Phylum: Craniata (describes the skull that surrounds their brain Much evolution occurred in freshwater Much evolution.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032707/56649e185503460f94b04d83/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Distribution
Hammerhead sharks Tiger sharks
![Page 15: Chapter 18 Fishes. Characteristics Phylum: Craniata (describes the skull that surrounds their brain Much evolution occurred in freshwater Much evolution.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032707/56649e185503460f94b04d83/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Stingray
• http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/stingray
• http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/sting-rays-doubilet?source=searchvideo
![Page 16: Chapter 18 Fishes. Characteristics Phylum: Craniata (describes the skull that surrounds their brain Much evolution occurred in freshwater Much evolution.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032707/56649e185503460f94b04d83/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Subclass Holocephali
• About 30 species
• Have an operculum: gill cover
• Lack scales
![Page 17: Chapter 18 Fishes. Characteristics Phylum: Craniata (describes the skull that surrounds their brain Much evolution occurred in freshwater Much evolution.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032707/56649e185503460f94b04d83/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Class Osteichthyes
• Bony fish
• Have swim bladders: an internal gas filled organ that contributes to the buoyancy of fish
![Page 18: Chapter 18 Fishes. Characteristics Phylum: Craniata (describes the skull that surrounds their brain Much evolution occurred in freshwater Much evolution.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032707/56649e185503460f94b04d83/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Subclass Sarcopterygii
• Have muscular lobes associated with fins and use lungs in gas exchange
• They survive stagnation by breathing with lungs but normally use gills
![Page 19: Chapter 18 Fishes. Characteristics Phylum: Craniata (describes the skull that surrounds their brain Much evolution occurred in freshwater Much evolution.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032707/56649e185503460f94b04d83/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Coelacanths
• Rare order of fishes that were thought to have been extinct but rediscovered in 1938
![Page 20: Chapter 18 Fishes. Characteristics Phylum: Craniata (describes the skull that surrounds their brain Much evolution occurred in freshwater Much evolution.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032707/56649e185503460f94b04d83/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Osteolepiforms
• Prehistoric lobe finned fish
• Extinct
![Page 21: Chapter 18 Fishes. Characteristics Phylum: Craniata (describes the skull that surrounds their brain Much evolution occurred in freshwater Much evolution.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032707/56649e185503460f94b04d83/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Subclass Actinopterygii
• Ray finned fishes
• Possess swim bladders
• Sturgeons, paddlefishes
![Page 22: Chapter 18 Fishes. Characteristics Phylum: Craniata (describes the skull that surrounds their brain Much evolution occurred in freshwater Much evolution.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032707/56649e185503460f94b04d83/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Sea Horses
• 54 species• Class actinopterygii• Female deposits up
to 1500 eggs in a male seahorses pouch who then carries them for up to 45 days till they emerge from pouch
![Page 23: Chapter 18 Fishes. Characteristics Phylum: Craniata (describes the skull that surrounds their brain Much evolution occurred in freshwater Much evolution.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032707/56649e185503460f94b04d83/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Sea horses
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C1XYg4km7Yk