Chapter 17

Today

• Reading Quiz

• Activity What do you know

• Lecture

• Simulation

• Exit

Changes

• New developing foundation in the west• Rebuilding out of darkness and death• A new way of life

• Including agriculture AND a strong manufacturing and commercial sector

• Out of all of this comes new ideas• Culture, Religion, Economics, Science, &

Politics

1st set of Cultural Changes

• AKA Renaissance

• Challenge to medieval intellectual values and styles • Rethink old truths in everything

• Not an attack on religion but rather a de emphasis on religion• Secularism

• Northern Renaissance• Classical art and architecture• Blending the lines of secular and

religious

Renaissance• New emphasis on realism and

human-centered themes• Humanism• Real human figures (not idealized)• Real discussion of power

• Other changes:• Printing press• European-style family: nuclear family• Urbanization

Renaissance • With cultural changes came some

political changes• More state power

• The lords still had great power at the time but things are changing

• Patron-Client relationship• Rich people sponsor and pay for the art

being created

People of the Renaissance

• Erasmus

• Da Vinci

• Joan of Arc

• Machiavelli

Religious Changes

• AKA Reformation

• End of Christian Unity

• Martin Luther• 95 thesis• Grievances against the Catholic Church

• Selling of indulgences• Believed only faith could gain salvation

• Challenged many beliefs including the authority of the Pope

Reformation • Starts to look

Nationalistic• Especially in Germany

where they question paying taxes to the Pope

• Protestantism: religious dissent• Lutheran• Anglican (Church of

England) • Calvinism

• Predestination

People of the Reformation

• John Wycliffe

• Jan Huss

• Catharine of Sienna

• Martin Luther

• Girolama Savonarola

• Henry VIII

• Jean Calvin

Catholic Reformation• In response to the

Protestant Reformation• Revival of Catholic doctrine

to counter this surge in new beliefs

• Validity of papal authority

• New Catholic order: Jesuits• (Pope Francis is the first

Jesuit Pope)• We will see them again as

we talk more about missionary work

People of the Catholic Reformation• Pope Paul III

• Council of Trent

• Jesuits & Ignatius Loyola

Both Reformations

• Results of these changes in religion• Battles of Religion

• France: Catholic vs Calvinism• Edict of Nantes which granted some

tolerance to Protestants

• Germany: Protestants vs. Holy Roman Empire• 30 years war• Ended with the Treaty of Westphelia

• Britain: Protestants vs. Catholics• Elizabeth vs. Mary• English Civil War

Both Reformations

• Impact• People less likely to see an intimate

connection between God and Nature• People didn’t believe in Miracles as

much• People started emphasizing the nuclear

family and the love between husband and wife

Political Changes• Sort of AKA Absolutism

• End of feudal monarchy: balance between Kings and Nobles• Monarchs gain new power• France was the model

• Slowly the king took back power

• Britain is going to be somewhat different • English Civil War (Glorious

Revolution)• Parliamentary Monarchy

Political Changes

• Absolute Monarchy• Best Example: Louis XIV

• What made them different:• Gave money to the arts• Set up education• Set tariffs (mercantilism)• State run manufacturing• Strong military

Louis XIV France

• Became king at the age of 4 ½ • His mother was

regent over him

• Fell in love but married for political gain to Marie-Therese of Austria who was the daughter of the king of Spain

Absolute Monarchs

Philip II of Spain

Peter the Great of Russia

Absolute Monarchs

Frederick the Great of Prussia

Charles I of England

Absolute Monarchs

Maria Terasa of Austria-Hungary

Political Changes

• Nation-State (VERY IMPORTANT)• These Absolute rulers and

Parliamentary Monarchy ruled the people of common culture and language• This is very different from previous

empires

• These commonalities brought about loyalty and cultural/political bonds

• Beginning of Nationalism

Economic Changes• AKA Commercial Revolution

• Develops out of:• A growing manufacturing

and trans-Atlantic trade • This means NEW STUFF to

buy

• New colonial markets stimulated manufacturing

• Developing of agricultural specialty areas

• Increase in prosperity of ordinary people

Commercial Revolution

• Money came pouring in: Good and Bad• More money means the supply goes up• This means the value goes down• Inflation

• New Wealth = New Demands

• Government backed trading companies grow in influence

Commercial Revolution

• Development of a new group• Proletariat: people

without access to wealth-producing property

• Rising food prices especially hurt the poor

• These major shifts caused popular protests

• This will continue to be an issue

Scientific Changes

• AKA Scientific Revolution

• New Scientific institutions created with government aid• Research • Access to the public

• People could control and calculate their environment

• Doctors

• Science became central to intellectual life • Over religion

Scientific Revolution

People of the Scientific Revolution

• Nicolas Copernicus

• Kepler

• Galileo

• Newton

• Galen

• Tycho Brahe

• William Harvey

2nd set of Cultural Changes

• AKA Enlightenment

• France is the focal point of the Enlightenment

• New development of more Rational Thought• Scientific Method• Modern Social sciences

• Philosophy• Political developments

Enlightenment

• New ideas of the time that we still use today• Inalienable rights

• Life, liberty and Property

• Separation of Power• Civic Duty• Social Contract

• The government works for the people and if the people don’t like it they have the right to change it

People of the Enlightenment

• John Locke

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

• Baron de Montesquieu

• Francois Marie Arouet “Voltaire”

• Thomas Hobbes

• Adam Smith