Chapter 17 Therapies/Treatment

AP Outline Says: “Treatment of Psychological Disorders”

Treatment Approaches Insight Therapies

Psychodynamic Approaches

Behavioral Approaches Cognitive Approaches Eclectic Approache Modes of Therapy – individual, group Community and Preventative Approaches

Main Areas Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Humanistic Therapy (Rogers/Maslow)

Client Centered Therapy Gestalt Therapy

Behavior Therapy Cognitive Behavior Therapy

Group Family Couples Biological Treatments

Psycho Surgery Electro Convulsive Therapy Psychoactive Drugs

Fun Facts 15% of adults 21% children are receiving some form of

treatment $150 billion dollars a year is spent

Including disability and lost productivity

The most common targets of treatment are : Anxiety Mood disorders Impulse control Substance abuse And combinations of those-

Other not diagnosed problems Relationship conflictsGriefDivorceRetirement etc.

Basic Features of Treatment Client/Patient Therapist= Psychologists/Psychiatirsts

Clinical Social Workers Marriage and Family Therapists Licensed Professional Counselors

Inpatient- could be days, weeks in a hospital/clinical setting- usually with drug therapy Usually pose a danger to themselves and others

Outpatient- psycho therapy and or drugs could be used

Less severe symptoms

Goals of Therapy Change thinking, feelings, behavior Impulse, functioning Relieve Discomfort

Characteristics of Psychoanalysis One on one (Client Therapist relationship is

key) Talk Therapy Long Term duration

Look for relationship between an individual’s life history and current problems

Finding role of thoughts, emotions and motivation

Focus is to help gain insight Goal is to get the patient to understand how

past conflicts determine current problems

Psychodynamic Psycho Therapy Freud Conflicts Ego, ID, Superego Unconscious Personality

Psychoanalysis- Goal to understand unconscious conflicts And how they affect the client

Psychoanalysis continuedFree Association

Patient talks about what is on their mind and is prompted by questioning from therapist

Therapist analyzes the potential components that give insight and helps the client understand the subconscious processes and conflicts

Transference Unconscious process in which childhood feelings

and conflicts about parents and other significant people were being transferred to the therapist

Psychodynamic Psychotherapy

Sigmund Freud Psychoanalysis- method of

psychotherapy aimed at revealing and resolving conflicts that are in the unconscious Free Association Resistance Dream Interpretation Freudian Slips Transference Contemporary Psychoanalysis

Less time and cost effective

Humanistic Therapy See people as capable of consciously

controlling their own actions and taking responsibility for their own decisions

Humanists believe most behavior is motivated by an innate drive toward personal growth and improvement

Behavior is guided by the way people perceive the world

Hence, Distorted perceptions blocks growth

Humanistic Therapy Assumptions Therapy tries to help clients restart their

natural growth

Promotes insights into current feelings

Therapists try to create feelings with client They try to show the client they are accepted,

supported Create a positive relationship with patient Clients are shown that they are in charge of how

they feel

Humanistic Psychotherapy

Carl Rogers Humanistic Perspective- emphasizes

striving for and reaching human potential Humanistic Psychotherapy- Most important

feature of a person is their self-concept and that disorders derive from unhealthy environments (growth is interfered or stopped). Client-centered Gestalt Therapy

Humanism- Client Centered Therapy 1st create a relationship Key is listening and understanding Clients become more self confident More accepting themselves Use Unconditional Positive Regard = acceptance

Help the client understand they themselves are worthy Acceptance Reinforce client’s ability to solve their own problems

Empathy Therapists try to emotionally understand what a client might be

thinking and feeling

Congruence (acting in ways that are consistent)

Gestalt Therapy Humanistic Psych Seeks to create conditions in which clients

become more self aware and accepting

They try to get clients to really know themselves

Behavior Therapy Client Insight Most psychological problems are learned

behaviors that can be changed by taking action to learn new ones

(not searching for underlying causes)

Methods of Treatment Two Main Types of Therapy

Psychotherapy- based on interaction between a trained therapist, using psychological techniques, and a client, who is experiencing emotional, behavioral, or interpersonal problems.

Biomedical Therapies- use medications, electroconvulsive therapy, or other medical procedures that directly affect the brain and nervous system of a patient experiencing symptoms associated with a psychological disorder.

Behavior Therapy Behavior therapy- proposes that

psychological problems originate from learned behaviors Skinner, Pavlov, Ellis, Watson Three versions:

1) Behavior therapy using classical conditioning 2) Behavior modification using operant conditioning 3) Cognitive-behavior therapy addresses both thoughts

and behaviors associated with the problem Counterconditioning- the learning of a new

conditioned response that is the opposite of the original learned response.

Behavior Therapy cont.

Systematic Desensitization- involves gradual learning of a new conditioned response that will replace, or inhibit, an established maladaptive response such as fear or anxiety Anxiety Hierarchy

Flooding- constant exposure to the fear

Aversion Conditioning-involves pairing a harmful stimulus with an unpleasant stimulus i.e. taking a pill before consuming

alcohol that causes nausea.

Cognitive-Behavior Therapy Cognitive behavioral therapy- utilizes

learning principles to change people’s negative thought patterns

Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)- based on belief that distorted expectations and irrational beliefs contribute to psychological disorders Psychologist Albert Ellis

“ABC”- Activating event, Belief, Consequences

Cognitive and Group Therapy

Cognitive therapy- based on the idea that people have developed cognitive distortions, distorted perceptions, and interpretations of events that contribute to psychological disorders (especially depression and anxiety)

Group Therapy- allows one or more therapists to work with several people at the same time, observing social and interaction skills. Family Therapy Marital/Couples Therapy

Biomedical Therapy Psychosurgery- destroys tissue in regions of the brain

for treating psychological disorders Irreversible risky side effects

Electroconvulsive therapy- depressive patients who didn’t respond to drug treatments; brief electrical shock was thought to stimulate and increase neural activity in the brain, alleviating symptoms of depression and schizophrenia

Neuroleptics (antipsychotics)- used to treat psychotic symptoms related to positive symptoms of schizophrenia such as hallucinations, delusions, disordered thinking, and confused thinking.

Biomedical Therapy Antidepressants- prescribed to treat depression,

increase the amount of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin

Anti-anxiety Medication- used to help people deal with anxiety Valium and Xanax Increases neurotransmitter GABA which reduce symptoms

of anxiety, nervousness, and sleeping problems

Lithium- used to treat bipolar disorder Used to alleviate manic and depressive symptoms of

bipolar disorder

Community Psychology Deinstitutionalization- process of releasing

patients from hospitals, which in turn led to the shutting down of many mental health hospitals

Community Psychology- a movement to decrease or prevent psychological disorders through offerings in community mental health programs