Chapter 17 The Road to War. 1. What foreign policy did the US follow after World War I?...
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Transcript of Chapter 17 The Road to War. 1. What foreign policy did the US follow after World War I?...
Chapter 17Chapter 17
The Road to WarThe Road to War
1. What foreign policy did the US follow after World War I?
• Isolationism- a withdrawal from foreign affairs during the 20’s and 30’s
• The U.S. Government did not want to get involved in another World War.
• Did NOT join the League of Nations, Permanent Court of International Justice, or World Court
2. What were the major postwar peace initiatives?
• Disarmament- reduce the size of a country’s military
• Washington Conference: organized by Charles Evans Hughes
• He proposed the 5 Power Naval Treaty• Ordered countries to retire some of their
warships to equal out naval strength.
3. How did war debts and reparations affect European nations after World War I?
• The Allies owed the U.S. over $10 billion.• Britain, France, and Italy wanted their
debts canceled• Germany owed $32 billion• Dawes Plan: gave Germany more time to
pay reparations, also provided more loans
4. What role did the U.S. play in Nicaraguan politics?
• 1926, Marines were sent to protect American interests
• Henry Stimson negotiated a peace treaty to end Nicaragua’s civil war
• 1933, Hoover withdrew all troops because of the high costs
5. How did U.S. relations with Latin America change in the 1930s?
• Coolidge, Hoover, and Roosevelt all tried to improve Latin America relations
• FDR and the “Good Neighbor Policy”• The U.S. invested in banana, coffee, and
sugar plantations. “United Food Company”• Mexico nationalized their oil fields, this
strained relations with the U.S. and Britain
6. How did the Great Depression affect Latin American countries?
• Crop prices went down (bananas, coffee)• It created a huge gap between rich and poor• Caudillos- military leaders who used force to
maintain order
The Rise of Militarism
Chapter 17 – Section 3
Page 512
What you need to know…
1) How did Mussolini create a fascist state in Italy?
2) Explain Stalin’s power in the Soviet Union.
3) Explain Hitler’s rise to power in Germany.
4) Causes of the Spanish Civil War.
5) Actions of Japan’s military during the 1930’s.
The publishers of a new children’s
encyclopaedia have asked young people to define what the term ‘democracy’ means today. With
your partner discuss a short definition of
this word.
Write your answer on Page 3 in packet.
Education and the media(newspapers, radio, film etc) are strictly controlled
by the Government
One person - the ‘Dictator’ -
holds all of the power in the country
So no elections are heldbecause the Dictator does
not allow people to choose who they want to
run their country
Anyone who is considered to be an enemy of the Dictator
and his political party would be persecuted
Only one political party is allowed to exist - the
Dictator is the leader of this party, and the party helps
him to run the country
Dictators rely upon a large, strong and loyal army to help them to maintain their power
What is a Dictatorship
????
What is the difference between a democracy and a dictatorship?
#1 - Benito Mussolini - ITALY
Fascist Party – 1921•Military dominated government
•Blackshirts
•Italian king appointed Mussolini prime minister and granted him dictatorial powers!!
#1 – Why did Italy become a fascist state?
• High unemployment• Fascists beat Communists• Widespread opposition to Socialists and
Communists
Play
Video 2:26 minutes
#2 – Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union
• After Lenin’s death in 1924 –
Stalin emerged as the nation’s leader.• Created a TOTALITARIAN STATE
• Government controls COMPLETELY
• Sent 15 Million to later camps by 1933• Stalin felt he could loose control, so he purged all
perceived enemies from Communist Party and the Red Army.
• Approx. 30 Million died as a result of policies.
#3 – Adolf Hitler – GERMANY
•Mein Kampf
(My Struggle) won supporters
•Electoral success by Nazi Party led to Hitler becoming chancelor in 1933.
•Third Reich (Third Empire)
- - Nazi government
PlayVideo(9:09 Min)
#4 Francisco Franco - SPAIN
• Causes of Civil War• A constitution was created that limited military
power and reformed universal suffrage,
nationalized public utilities and gave land to peasants.
• Military men were threatened by this and Franco led them.• Franco fascists tried to overthrow the government.
Germans and Italians helped Franco take over• Soviet Union allied with loyalists
• Popular Front – Americans and others against fascism
#5 – Japan’s Military1920’s – Military grew and did not want to rely on foreign imports, wanted to reduce western influence and expand in Eastern Asia and the Pacific.
1931 – Invaded Manchuria
1934/1935 – Began a naval build-up
1937 – Went to war with China and occupied northern China.
Hideki TojoJapanese
Prime Minister
NAME THAT FAVORITE DICTATOR...
Write down:
a) The name of the Dictator.
b) The name of the country that the Dictator is from.
- For the following slides (after Charlie Chaplin!).
Mao
11
Stalin22
Hitler
33
Hussein44
Castro
55
Lenin66
Mussolini77
Chapter 17 – Section 4
Page 518
What you need to know…
1. Response to Fascism
2. Early events of WWII
3. Why tensions between U.S. and
Germany increased
4. Reasons Japan bombed Pearl Harbor
29
It was the Allies vs. the Axis Powers…
Allies Axis
Great Britain
France(note: France surrendered to
Germany in 1940 (after 6 weeks of fighting)
United States
Russia
GermanyItaly
Japan
(major powers)
(major powers)
Choose one of the following pictures and write a caption for it on Page 4 in your packet.
#1
The Response
To FascismEuropean leaders adopt a policy of
appeasement
Soviets and U.S. mend fences
U.S. Congress passes neutrality
laws.
European nations speed up
rearmament
Appeasement – giving in to demands in order to avoid conflict
#2 – Events of WWII –Pg. 5 Pkt.
1939 1941
•1939-1945
•US involvement 1941-1945
1940
Sept.1 - Germany invades Poland (official start to the war)
Sept. 3 -Britain &
France declare war on
Germany
Dec. 7 – Japan bombs Pearl
Harbor; US
enters the War
Aug. 23 –Nonaggression Pact signed
May –Germany carried
on Blitzkrieg against
France & other
European nations
Germany created Vichy
govm’t in France
Roosevelt aided Britain
with war materials
August –Hitler
bombed Britain
Non-Aggression Pact – Surprising!!! Hitler and Stalin were seen as natural
enemies.
When Hitler talked of taking over new land for Germany, many thought that he meant Russia.
Hitler also hated Communism (Russia’s government)
HitlerStalin
#3 - U.S. vs. Germany
• Increase in U.S. aid
to the Allies• German submarine
attacks• Roosevelt’s “shoot-on-
sight” order
35
So What Was Hitler Asking For?•Return of German Speaking Lands - “Lebensraum”
•Austria - Peacefully Annexed in 1938
German Troops Parade in Streets of Czechoslovakian Town, ca. 1939
36
So What Was Hitler Asking For?
•Sudentenland - (now part of Czech Republic)
•Munich Conference - Great Britain & France give to Hitler in return for peace
•Hitler then invades the rest of Czechoslovakia
German Troops Parade in Streets of Czechoslovakian Town, ca. 1939
37
So What Was Hitler Asking For?
•Nonaggression Pact Russia stays out of the war in return for 1/2 of Poland
Hitler's triumphal entry into Danzig, Poland 1939
•Great Britain & France finally declare war on Germany
38
How Did Hitler Make War?•Blitzkrieg “Lightning War”
1939
Hitler invades:
•Denmark
•Norway
• The Netherlands,
•France
Hitler in Paris
39
US Assistance•Roosevelt provided aid to the Allies:
Lend-Lease - 1941
•US “lent” war materials to cash-strapped Great Britain
London Firefighter Tackles an Air Raid Blaze
Atlantic Charter
•US secretly meets with England to commit to defeating Germany
#4 – Reason Japan bombed U.S.• Japan continuing expansion in China• Japanese assets in U.S. frozen & an embargo on Japan
Meanwhile … in the Pacific …
Pearl Harbor: “a date which will live in infamy”
USS Arizona Sinking in Pearl Harbor
What?•Surprise attack by the Japanese on American forces in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
Effect? •US declares war on
Japan & other Axis powers
Chapter 17 – Section 4Page 518
What you need to know…
1. Response to Fascism
2. Early events of WWII
3. Why tensions between U.S. and
Germany increased
4. Reasons Japan bombed Pearl Harbor
43
It was the Allies vs. the Axis Powers…
Allies Axis
Great Britain
France(note: France surrendered to
Germany in 1940 (after 6 weeks of fighting)
United States
Russia
GermanyItaly
Japan
(major powers)
(major powers)
Choose one of the following pictures and write a caption for it on Page 4 in your packet.
#1
The Response
To FascismEuropean leaders adopt a policy of
appeasement
Soviets and U.S. mend fences
U.S. Congress passes neutrality
laws.
European nations speed up
rearmament
Appeasement – giving in to demands in order to avoid conflict
#2 – Events of WWII –Pg. 5 Pkt.
1939 1941
•1939-1945
•US involvement 1941-1945
1940
Sept.1 - Germany invades Poland (official start to the war)
Sept. 3 -Britain &
France declare war on
Germany
Dec. 7 – Japan bombs Pearl
Harbor; US
enters the War
Aug. 23 –Nonaggression Pact signed
May –Germany carried
on Blitzkrieg against
France & other
European nations
Germany created Vichy
govm’t in France
Roosevelt aided Britain
with war materials
August –Hitler
bombed Britain
Non-Aggression Pact – Surprising!!! Hitler and Stalin were seen as natural
enemies.
When Hitler talked of taking over new land for Germany, many thought that he meant Russia.
Hitler also hated Communism (Russia’s government)
HitlerStalin
#3 - U.S. vs. Germany Increase in U.S.
aid to the Allies
German submarine attacks
Roosevelt’s “shoot-on-sight” order
49
So What Was Hitler Asking For?
Return of German Speaking Lands - “Lebensraum”
•Austria - Peacefully Annexed in 1938
German Troops Parade in Streets of Czechoslovakian Town, ca. 1939
50
So What Was Hitler Asking For?
•Sudentenland - (now part of Czech Republic)
•Munich Conference - Great Britain & France give to Hitler in return for peace
•Hitler then invades the rest of Czechoslovakia
German Troops Parade in Streets of Czechoslovakian Town, ca. 1939
51
So What Was Hitler Asking For?
•Nonaggression Pact Russia stays out of the war in return for 1/2 of Poland
Hitler's triumphal entry into Danzig, Poland 1939
•Great Britain & France finally declare war on Germany
52
How Did Hitler Make War?
1939
Hitler invades:
•Denmark
•Norway
• The Netherlands,
•France
Hitler in Paris
Blitzkrieg “Lightning War”
53
US AssistanceRoosevelt provided aid to the Allies:
Lend-Lease - 1941
•US “lent” war materials to cash-strapped Great Britain
London Firefighter Tackles an Air Raid Blaze
Atlantic Charter
•US secretly meets with England to commit to defeating Germany
#4 – Reason Japan bombed U.S. Japan continuing expansion in China Japanese assets in U.S. frozen & an embargo on Japan
Meanwhile … in the Pacific …
Pearl Harbor: “a date which will live in infamy”
USS Arizona Sinking in Pearl Harbor
What?•Surprise attack by the Japanese on American forces in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
Effect? •US declares war on
Japan & other Axis powers