Chapter 17 Section 1 Section 1 The Cold War The Cold War.
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Transcript of Chapter 17 Section 1 Section 1 The Cold War The Cold War.
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Chapter 17Section 1The Cold War
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Chapter 17-1
2 Superpowers
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The Yalta Conference
Churchill Roosevelt Stalin
February, 1945 Free Elections?
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Yalta
Divided Germany into zones to be occupied by the allies
Germany would have to pay the Soviet Union for its loss of life and property
Stalin promised free elections in the areas occupied by the Soviets
The Catch?
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Dividing Germany
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United Nations
Peacekeeping group • General Assembly• Every member has a vote• 11 Members of a Security
Council 5 permanent members: the
US, USSR, Britain, France, China
All with veto power
Prevent WWIII
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The Potsdam Conference
Churchill Truman Stalin
July, 1945 No Elections
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Potsdam Soviets want a buffer between
themselves and Germany Stalin installed or helped Communist
governments into power in Bulgaria, Albania, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Poland and Yugoslavia
This broke his agreement for free elections
Stalin’s threat: “Communism & Capitalism could not coexist in the world
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USA vs. USSR
USA• Democracy
*Truman• Capitalism
USSR• Dictatorship
*Stalin• Communism
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The Iron Curtain Speech from Churchill in
March, 1946 Line cutting USSR off
from the rest of the world
The Western Allies combined their zones into the Federal Republic of Germany
the Soviets created the German Democratic Republic
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Containment Policy
Keep communism where it is at. DO NOT ALLOW Communism to spread
The Truman Doctrine: provide aid to any nation resisting a communist take over
Turkey & Greece: $400 million to help fight communism
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The Marshall Plan
Secretary of State- George Marshall
War left Europe in ruins Food, money, supplies to
any country in need $12.5 billion in aid to 17
countries Stalin NOT happy WHY?
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The Berlin Airlift
U.S.S.R. held West Berlin hostage
11 months-airlift Food, gas, medical
supplies 277,000 flights-
landed every 3 minutes
Blockade lifted in 1949
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Alliances
USA and the West- North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Soviet Union and the East- Warsaw Pact
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NATO in blue
Warsaw Pact in pink
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U2 Spy Plane Incident
High altitude spy plane
1960- Shot Down
Gary Powers
19 Months- Released
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Arms Race
1949- Soviets test their own atomic bomb
1952 US tests the H- bomb/ year later the USSR does the same
arms race
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Brinkmanship John Foster Dulles & President
Eisenhower The willingness to go to the brink of
nuclear war to prevent nuclear war Massive amounts of money are spent
to create the ability to retaliate instantly in case of a nuclear attack
Long range bombers with massive payloads
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Space Race
USSR- 1957- Sputnik
USA- 1958
BEHIND!!
Race to the Moon
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Laika in Sputnik 2(1957)
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“One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind”
1969- USA lands on Moon
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Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin
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Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles
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Berlin Wall
Built By USSR