Chapter 17 Notes

Properties of Matter

Properties of Solids

Density- how tightly packed the atoms of a substance are

Hardness- resistance to scratchingMalleability- ability to be pounded into

thin sheets

Properties of Solids Continued

Brittleness-tendency to shatter upon impact

Elasticity- ability to stretch and return to normal shape and size

Tensile Strength- measurement of pulling or tension applied before the solid breaks

Density

Describes the relationship between mass and volume of a solid, liquid, or gas.

FormulaD = m / v

Measured in g/cm3

Properties of Liquids

Density- larger for liquids than solidsEX: Solid silver has a lower density than

liquid silver This is caused by the increase of movement

of particles in the liquid silver compared to solid silver

Viscosity- the ability of a fluid to flowAs viscosity increases, the rate of

movement decreases

Properties of Liquids Continued

Buoyancy- the measure of upward force a fluid exerts on an objectBoats in the water

Archimedes Principle- the force exerted on an object by the liquid equals the weight of the fluid that is displaced by the object

Properties of Gases

Buoyancy- the pressure of a gas on a solid or a liquid

Charles’ LawAs the temperature of a gas increases, so

does its’ volume (decreasing density, increasing buoyancy)

As the temperature of a gas decreases, as does its’ volume (increasing density, decreasing buoyancy)

of Gases Continued

Pressure- the amount of force exerted on a unit area of surface Measured in Pascal (Pa)1 Pa = 1 N / m2

Boyle’s Law

Properties

Boyle’s Law

As the pressure of a gas increases, its’ volume decreases proportionally

As the pressure of a gas decreases, its’ volume increases proportionally