Chapter 17 Domestic Policy. Learning Objectives 1.What types of politics may matter to whether and...

Chapter 17

Domestic Policy

Learning Objectives

1. What types of politics may matter to whether and how government acts on any given issue?

2. How do America’s social welfare policies and programs differ from those of many other modern democracies?

3. Why are some social welfare policies and programs politically protected while others are politically imperiled?

4. Is there a political consensus about how to address the solvency challenges facing major social welfare programs?

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Learning Objectives

5. Why have government regulations on certain

big businesses been imposed over the

objections of those industries?

6. Why are environmental policies designed and

enforced differently in America than in other

industrialized nations?

7. Does just one type of politics drive

environmental policies and programs? Co

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Introduction

WHO GOVERNS?1. How, if at all, have Americans’ views of

government’s responsibility to help the“deserving poor” changed over time?

2. Why are some government social welfare programs politically protected while others are politically imperiled?

TO WHAT ENDS?1. What does the Constitution mean by “promote the

general Welfare”?

2. Who should administer federal welfare programs?

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Policymaking PoliticsRevisitedCost vs. BenefitLegitimacyPerceived costs and

benefits can be: Widely distributed Narrowly

concentrated

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A Way of Classifying and Explaining the Politics of Different Policy Issues

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Social Welfare Policy

“To provide for the . . . general Welfare” Restrict spending? OR Meet national needs?

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From the New Deal to the New Health Care Law Insurance program (unemployed/elderly) Assistance program (blind, dependent

children and aged) Means test

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FDR and the New Deal Social Security Act (1935)

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9In 1932, unemployed workers

line up at a soup kitchen during the Great Depression.


Johnson and the Great Society Medicaid and Medicare (1965)

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Obama Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

(2010)


Benefits most Most pay No means test Majoritarian politics Social Security and

Medicare Issue: cost

Benefits few Most pay Means tested Client politics TANF and SNAP Issue: legitimacy

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Two Kinds of Social Welfare Programs


Social Security and Medicare: Majoritarian Politics

Opinion on Social Security and Medicare Proposals, By Generation

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Public Opinion on Changing Medicare and Social Security

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Social Welfare Policy in America: Four Distinctive Features1. More restrictive view of who is entitled to

governmental assistance

2. Slower to embrace the welfare state

3. States play a large role

4. Nongovernmental organizations play a large role

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From AFDC to TANF: Client Politics Existing state programs Federal government regulations governing

the programs Public opinion changes Temporary Assistance for Needy Families

(TANF)

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Medicaid: Client and Majoritarian Means-tested Benefits broader population Interest group support

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Business Regulation Policy

Relationship between wealth and power

Antitrust Laws: Majoritarian Politics Sherman Act (1890) Federal Trade Commission Act (1914 Clayton Act (1914)

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Labor and Occupational Health and Safety: Interest Group Politics Wagner Act

National Labor Relations Board

Occupational Safety and Health Act (1970)

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Agriculture Subsidies: Client Politics

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Dairy farmers get government subsidies for their milk production.


Consumer and Environmental Protection: Entrepreneurial Politics Auto safety/antipollution

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21Entrepreneurial politics: Upton Sinclair’s book The Jungle, published in

1906, shocked readers with its description of conditions in the meat-packing industry and helped bring about passage of the Meat Inspection Act of

1906.

Environmental Policy

The Politics of “Cap and Trade”Environmental Policy in America: Three

Distinctive Features Adversarial State dependent Interest group pressures

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New Federal Safety Regulations for Deep Water

Oil Drilling

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Click picture to play video

New Federal Safety Regulations for Deep Water

Oil DrillingTaking a closer look:

1. What persons or agencies oversee federal environmental policy?

2. How are new regulations an example of adversarial policy?

3. Who pays for costs associated with administering environmental regulations?

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Beyond Domestic Policy

Does just one type of politics drive domestic policies and programs?

Which type of politics matters most on economic policy issues?

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Chapter 17 Domestic Policy. Learning Objectives 1.What types of politics may matter to whether and...

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