Chapter 17 7th es
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Transcript of Chapter 17 7th es
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AIR MASSES• A large body of air (thousands
of miles)
• Changes in weather are caused by movements of air masses
• As an air mass moves away, temp & humidity change.
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Classification•Air masses are named from the area where they come from.
• Classified according to : temperature & moisture content.
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• Tropical- HOT air mass formed in tropics
• Polar- COLD air mass formed near poles
• Maritime- air mass formed over oceans, WET
• Continental- air mass formed over land, DRY
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TYPES OF AIR MASSES1. MARITIME TROPICAL
2. MARITIME POLAR
3. CONTINENTAL POLAR
4. CONTINENTAL TROPICAL
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Warm, humid air mass formed over ocean near equator.
Summer = hot humid weather
Winter = heavy rain/snowfall
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Cool, humid air masses formed over ocean near poles
Summer = cool temps, fog, rain
Winter = snow, cold temps
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• Hot, dry air masses formed mostly in the summer over dry lands of SW & N Mexico.
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Large, cold air mass formed over land in Canada & Alaska.
Winter- extremely cold, dry air.
Summer- cold, dry air temps
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• Prevailing Westerlies push air masses west to east.
• Jet Stream- blow west to east
• Fronts- boundaries between air masses, changeable weather & storms develop along fronts.
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Chapter 17 Lesson 1Reviewpage 581
• What are the two characteristics of an air mass that you need to know in order to classify it?
• What happens when a warmer air mass pushes a cooler air mass?
• What type of weather system brings calm, clear weather?
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• Colliding air masses can form 4 types of fronts:
1. Cold fronts 2. Warm fronts
3. Stationary fronts
4. Occluded fronts
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• forms when a cold air mass meets & pushes under a warm air mass.
• Warm air cools, clouds form, & heavy rain. (thunderstorms).
• cool weather
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• Forms when a warm air mass moves over a cold air mass.
• Rain showers then hot, humid weather.
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• Warm air mass meets a cold air mass & no movement occurs. Produces rain & clouds.
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• When a warm air mass is caught between 2 colder air masses. Warm air cut off.
• Produces clouds, rain/snow.
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• A center of low air pressure, winds spiral inward.
• As air rises in a cyclone, the air cools forming clouds & precipitation.
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•High pressure areas of dry air where winds spiral outward. (clockwise)
•Descending air in an anticyclone causes dry, clear weather.
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STORM
•A violent disturbance in the atmosphere
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• A small storm often accompanied with heavy precipitation & thunder & lightning.
• Form in large cumulonimbus clouds called thunderheads.
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• On hot, humid days, warm air rises rapidly, & cools forming cumulonimbus clouds.
• This movement of air creates updraft & downdraft winds.
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Areas of (+)/(-) charges build up in storm clouds. It is a sudden discharge of electricity between 2 clouds or the cloud and the ground. Electric energy is released.
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Light travels faster than sound. Lightning heats air. Heated air expands rapidly which results in sound waves (thunder).
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T-Storm Damage• Heavy rains which can lead
to floods.
• Lightning, Hail, & winds can cause damage.
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• Whirling, funnel shaped cloud that reaches down from a storm cloud to touch earth’s surface.
• Warmth & Moisture feed it• Season: late spring/early
summer
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• Warm, humid air meets cold, dry air. A squall line of thunderstorms develop which can develop into a tornado.
• Warm air rises rapidly & begins to rotate. The cloud will then start to descend to earth in a funnel.
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• Tornado Alley- Mid-West US
• This is where the conditions are the best- warm, humid air from Mexico mixes with cold, dry air from Canada.
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• Tornadoes occur most frequently in the US
• Damage comes from strong winds & flying debris.
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• Tornadoes are ranked on the Fujita Scale (by the amount of damage they cause.)
• F0 light damage to F5 extreme damage.
• F4 F5 tornadoes account for only 1% of all tornadoes.
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• A tropical cyclone that has winds of 119kmh or higher.
• Forms in the Atlantic, Pacific, & Indian Oceans. In western Pacific- typhoons.
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HURRICANE FORMATION
• It begins over warm ocean water as a low-pressure area (tropical disturbance).
• It grows from a disturbance to a tropical storm and maybe to a hurricane.
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• It draws energy from warm, humid air at ocean’s surface.
• Warm air rises to form clouds, more air is drawn into the system.
• Storms bands, high winds, & heavy rains spiral around a center.
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• Cool, dry air sinks into the center (eye) of the hurricane.
• Hurricanes last longer than other storms- usually a week or longer.
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• Year round, most precipitation begins in the clouds as snow.
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• Cold, dry air moves across warmer water picking up water vapor & heat from the water. Once the air reaches the other side of the lake, air condenses & falls as snow.
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• In New York, Buffalo & Rochester are 2 of the snowiest cities in the US because of Lake-Effect Snow.
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Snowstorm Safety• Find shelter from the wind.
• It can be dangerous because high winds/snow limit your vision so you can get lost easily & you can lose a lot of body heat out in the cold.
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Meteorologists• Scientists who study the causes
of weather & try to predict it.
• Meteorologists use maps, charts, & computers to analyze weather & prepare weather forecasts.
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• Lines joining places that have the same temps.
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• Lines joining areas with the same air pressure.
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TECHNOLOGY• Has improved the accuracy of
weather forecasts.• Weather balloons carry
instruments into the troposphere & stratosphere to measure temp., air pressure, & humidity.
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• Weather Satellites- orbit earth in the thermosphere, cameras make images of the earth’s surface, clouds, & storms which get sent to meteorologists to analyze.
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• Computer Forecasts- gathers weather data from a large area then the computer works through thousands of calculations using equations from weather models to make forecasts for 12, 24, & 36 hours. Each one builds on the previous forecasts.