Chapter 17

Electrical Plans

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Links for Chapter 17

Circuit Design

Symbols and Wiring

Steps in Drawing

Relate Web Sites

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Circuit Design• Place switches and outlets at convenient

locations• Outlets should be a maximum of 12’ apart and

6’ from an opening• Keep outlets accessible• Keep an outlet in the hallway and close

together in kitchen

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Circuit Design

• Kitchen, bathroom, laundry, and outdoor circuits require ground-fault interrupter (GFI)

• Exhaust fan needed in bathroom

• Ceiling lights are common in children’s bedrooms

• Place a light over the sink in the kitchen

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Circuit Design

• Place switches so they are near lights

• Locate lights in closets or alcove

• Use 220-volt outlets in a shop

• Light stairways well

• Use exterior lights to illuminate outside areas

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Energy Conservation

• Keep outlets at a minimum on outside walls

• Use a back draft fan or automatic damper to limit air leakage

• Use timed thermostats to control heating and cooling automatically

• Run outside wires along on bottom plate

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Energy Conservation

• Select energy-efficient appliances

• Use fluorescent lights whenever possible

• Caulk and seal around all light and convenience outlets

• Use recessed lights with insulation cover (IC)

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Home Automation• Automation is a method of controlling and

operating mechanical devices without human intervention

• Consider an in-home theater• Computerize lighting, heating, and security• Structured wiring is used for in-home

computer networks

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Electrical Design Considerations

• Entry - One light controlled by a switch and GFI outlet

• Patio/Porch - Lighting and GFI outlets• Living area - Ceiling light/fan and outlets• Dining room - Switch-controlled ceiling light• Kitchen - Outlets above the counter, for

appliances, and adequate lighting

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Electrical Design Considerations• Bedrooms - Lighting in room and closets with

outlets• Bathrooms - GFI outlets, ceiling lights and fans• Laundry - Ceiling lights with 120- and 220-volt

outlets• Smoke detectors - One in each sleeping area

and on each story

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Electrical Design Considerations• Telephones - Located in kitchen, office, and

master bedroom• Television, cable, stereo, security - Usually

wired by a specialist• Computer - Wired for a computer network to

maximize printing and file-sharing

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Universal Electrical Installations

• Switch Location - Place 2’-6” above floor• Convenience Outlets - 15” above the floor and

about 8’ apart• Lighting - Provide lighting that is controlled by

dimmer switches• Communications - Provide additional phone

jacks and an intercom system if needed

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Electrical Symbols• All electrical symbols should be drawn with a

1/8” circle• Symbols and lines should not clutter drawing• Switches are drawn perpendicular to a wall• Draw lines with a French curve• Local notes may be applied in special

situations

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Electrical Layouts

F

WP

GFCI GFCI48" 48"

VENT FAN TOOUTSIDE A IR

WATERPROOF LIGHTIN SHOWER

EXHAUST FAN IS DESIRA BLE BUT N OTREQUIRED WITH OPENABLE WINDOW

ENCLOSED BATH AREAREQUIRES EXHAUST FAN

BAT H VANITY WITH TWO SINKSREQUIRES TWO DUPLEX OUTLETS

SSSS

F

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Electrical Layouts

DW GD

3

GFCI

BRM

DBL OVEN

AND FIXTURES TOBE GFCI CIRCUITS

HOOD W/ LIGHT& FAN, VENT TOOUTSIDE AIR

ALL KITCHEN LIGHTSNOTE:

PROVIDE SEPARATECIRCUIT FOR MICROWAVE

48" X 72" LIGHT SOFFIT W/5-48" FLOUR FIXTURES

ALONG OPEN COUNTER

4' (1220 mm) MINOUTLET SPACING

(610mm)(1220mm)4'

GFCI

2'

S

3S S

SSSS

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Wiring Specifications

• Typical residential service is 200 amps

• Service can be distributed overhead or underground

• Locate meter on garage or exterior side wall

• Locate the distribution panel in garage or close to heavy load devices

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Drawing Electrical Plans

• Letter all switch locations and draw all fixture locations

• Draw electrical circuits or switch legs with dashed line

• Place electrical outlets

• Add local notes

Heat and Light• Electricity- form of energy that can produce

light, heat, magnetism, and chemical changes• Resistance- tendency of material to resist

electrical flow• Conductor- allow electricity flow easily• Insulator- great resistance to the flow of

electricity

Amperes, Volts, and Watts• Amperes- a measure of the rate of flow of electricity• Volts- a measure of electric pressure• Watts- measure of the amount of energy or work

that can be doneWatts= Volts x Amperes Volts= WattsAmperes=Watts Amperes

Volts

Electrical Safety

• Place all heater and lamps away form combustible materials

• Keep metal cases or cabinets of eletrical appliances grounded

• Do not remove the back oa a TV set• Keep electrical motors lubricated and free of

grease and dirt

Electrical Safety

• Keep appliance dry

• Do not use switches, outlets, fixture, or extension cords that are cracked or damaged

• Follow manufacture’s instructions

Types of Cables• Nonmetallic sheathed cable- consists of copper

or aluminum wires covered with paper and vinyl• Armored cable- a flexible metal sheath with

individual wires inside• Conduit- tubing that contains individual insulated

wires• Electrical metallic tube- bendable type of metal

Wire Identification

• Type T- used for dry locations• Type TW- use in dry or wet locations• Type THHN- dry locations, high temperature• Type THW and THWN- wet locations, high

temperature• Type XHHW- high moisture and heat resistance• Type UF- direct burial in soil but not concrete

Wire Identification

• Positive (hot) wires- black, red, blue wires that carry current to appliances

• Neutral wires- white wires that carry current from the appliance back to the source

• Green wires and bare wires are used to ground all metal boxes and appliances

Career Options After Training• Industrial electrician• Maintenance electrician• Commercial electrician• General electrician• Project manager• Construction superintendent• Supervisor• Contractor• Independent business owner

Wages• Electric power generation, transmission and distribution $28.15• Local government $25.66• Nonresidential building construction $22.21• Building equipment contractors $21.72• Employment services $18.32

Top 16 Tools• Fish Tape Wire Crimper• Tape Measure Straight-head Screwdriver• Voltmeter Philips Screwdriver• Hammer Razor Blade Knife (Utility

Knife)• Channel Lock Pliers Allen Wrench Set (Hex set)• Wire Strippers Flashlight• Non-Contact Voltage Detector Torpedo Level• Side Cutter Diagonal Pliers Linesman Pliers

Wires

• Aluminum and Copper• Black = AC hot

Red = switched AC hotYellow = AC hot from a another sourceWhite = neutralRed w/white tracer = switched neutralGreen or green w/ yellow tracer = ground/earth ground

• The bigger the number size the smaller the wire and voltage.

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Related Web Sites• Audio Video Environment -

www.avenow.com• Leviton- www.leviton.com/• Nutone- www.nutone.com• On Q Home Wiring Systems-

www.onqtech.com• SquareD - www.squared.com