Chapter 16: Population and UrbanizationHaley Hurlbert

Kristen WerlhofLindsay

MortensonTori SalvatoreIleana Garcia

Section 1: The Dynamics of DemographySection 2: World PopulationSection 3: The Urban TransitionSection 4: Urban Ecology

Cover Slide Continued

• Fertility, Mortality, and Migration are all used to consider he demographics of a population.

• The world’s population is increasing, whereas the rate at which it is growing is decreasing.

• Urbanization happens differently and at different speeds everywhere.• The four major theories of city growth: concentric zone theory, sector

theory, multiple nuclei theory, and peripheral theory

Population and DemographyPopulation and Demography

• PopulationPopulation: a group of people living in a particular place at a : a group of people living in a particular place at a specified time or a group of people with specified characteristicsspecified time or a group of people with specified characteristics

• DemographyDemography: the scientific study of population: the scientific study of population

• Fertility: a measure of the number of children born to a woman or a population of women

• Crude birthrate: the annual number of live births per one thousand members of a population

• Fertility rate: the annual number of live births per one thousand women aged fifteen to forty-four

Producing Children & Fertility Cont. Producing Children & Fertility Cont.

• FecundityFecundity: the maximum : the maximum rate at which women can rate at which women can physically produce childrenphysically produce children

• Total fertility rateTotal fertility rate: average : average number of children born to number of children born to a women during her a women during her lifetimelifetime

• Life expectancyLife expectancy: the average : the average number of years that persons in number of years that persons in a given population born at a a given population born at a particular time can expect to liveparticular time can expect to live

• Life SpanLife Span: the most advanced : the most advanced age to which humans can age to which humans can survivesurvive

DeathDeath

• MortalityMortality:deaths within a population:deaths within a population• Crude death rateCrude death rate: the annual number of : the annual number of

deaths per one thousand members of deaths per one thousand members of the populationthe population

• Infant mortality rateInfant mortality rate: the annual number : the annual number of deaths among infants under one year of deaths among infants under one year of age per one thousand live birthsof age per one thousand live births

Migration!Migration!

• MigrationMigration: the movement of people from one geographic area to : the movement of people from one geographic area to anotheranother

• Gross migration rateGross migration rate: the number of persons per year per one : the number of persons per year per one thousand members of the population who enter or leave a geographic thousand members of the population who enter or leave a geographic areaarea

•Net migration rateNet migration rate: the : the annual increase or decrease annual increase or decrease per one thousand members per one thousand members of a population resulting of a population resulting from migration into and out from migration into and out of the populationof the population

Thomas Malthus

Thomas Malthus was an English minister who wrote about the struggles trying to make food supply keep up with the population growth. He was one of the first to notice that the changes in population can drastically affect many diverse things. He described an intricate relationship between population growth and economic development.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q6Po2gLBLeM – Thomas Malthus

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pfGLJwiYTE8 - Population Pyramid