Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.
-
Upload
rodger-richards -
Category
Documents
-
view
222 -
download
2
Transcript of Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.
![Page 1: Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f275503460f94c3eddc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 16Collective Action
andSocial Movements
![Page 2: Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f275503460f94c3eddc/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Chapter Outline
• How to Spark a Riot• Nonroutine Collective Action • Social Movements• Framing Discontent• The Future of Social Movements
![Page 3: Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f275503460f94c3eddc/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Collective Action
• Occurs when people act in unison to bring about or resist social, political, and economic change.
• Routine collective actions typically follow established patterns of behavior in existing social structures.
• Nonroutine collective actions take place when usual conventions cease to guide social action and people, bypass, or subvert established structures.
![Page 4: Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f275503460f94c3eddc/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Frequency of Lynching,United States, 1882–1935
![Page 5: Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f275503460f94c3eddc/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Breakdown Theory of Nonroutine Collective
ActionThree Factors: • A group of people must be
economically deprived or socially rootless.
• Their norms must be strained or disrupted.
• They must lose the capacity to act rationally by getting caught up in the madness of crowds.
![Page 6: Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f275503460f94c3eddc/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Polling Question
• Civil disobedience is better to use than militant activity for groups to get their point across for social change. A. Strongly agreeB. Agree somewhatC. UnsureD. Disagree somewhatE. Strongly disagree
![Page 7: Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f275503460f94c3eddc/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Deprivation, Crowds, and the Breakdown of
NormsMost pre-1970 sociologists would have
said lynchings were caused by:1. Background of economic
deprivation experienced by impoverished and marginal members of the community.
2. The inherent irrationality of crowd behavior.
3. The serious violation of norms.
![Page 8: Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f275503460f94c3eddc/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Assessing Breakdown Theory: Lynchings
• Deprivation– Research shows no association
between fluctuations in economic well-being and lynchings that took place between the 1880s and the 1930s.
• Contagion– Many lynchings were neither
spontaneous or unorganized.
![Page 9: Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f275503460f94c3eddc/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Assessing Breakdown Theory: Lynchings
• Strain– Lynching was a means by which
black farm workers were kept tied to the southern cotton industry after the abolition of slavery threatened to disrupt the industry’s traditional, captive labor supply.
![Page 10: Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f275503460f94c3eddc/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Social Disorganization and Collective Action:
Prison Riots• Prison riots tend to occur under
certain circumstances:1. Government officials make new
demands of prison administrators without providing resources.
2. Corrections staff oppose the reforms.
![Page 11: Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f275503460f94c3eddc/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Social Disorganization and Collective Action:
Prison Riots• Prison riots tend to occur under certain
circumstances:3. Prison administrators take actions
that inmates perceive as unjust. 4. Inmates decide that living
conditions should be better and that rioting will draw attention to those conditions.
![Page 12: Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f275503460f94c3eddc/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The Social Determinantsof Rumors
![Page 13: Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f275503460f94c3eddc/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Solidarity Theory
• Holds that social movements are social organizations that emerge when potential members:– mobilize resources– take advantage of new political
opportunities– avoid high levels of social control
by authorities.
![Page 14: Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f275503460f94c3eddc/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Polling Question
• Have you ever participated in an organized protest?
A. YesB. No
![Page 15: Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f275503460f94c3eddc/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Frequency of Strikes with
1000+ Workers
![Page 16: Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f275503460f94c3eddc/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Unemployment and Frequency of Big Strikes,
1948–2003
![Page 17: Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f275503460f94c3eddc/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Framing Discontent
• Frame alignment is the process by which social-movement leaders make their activities, ideas, and goals congruent with the interests, beliefs, and values of potential new recruits to their movement - or fail to do so.
![Page 18: Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f275503460f94c3eddc/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Encouraging Frame Alignment
1. Social-movement leaders can reach out to other organizations that contain people who sympathetic to the cause.
2. Movement activists can stress popular values that have not been prominent in the thinking of potential recruits.
3. Social movements can stretch their objectives to win recruits who aren’t initially sympathetic to the movement’s aims.
![Page 19: Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f275503460f94c3eddc/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Determinants of Collective Action and Social Movement
Formation
![Page 20: Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f275503460f94c3eddc/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
History of Social Movements
• 1700 - social movements were small, localized, and violent.
• Mid-20th century - social movements were large, national, and less violent.
• Late 20th century - social movements developed broader goals, recruited highly educated people, and developed global potential for growth.
![Page 21: Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f275503460f94c3eddc/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Quick Quiz
![Page 22: Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f275503460f94c3eddc/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
1. Forms of collective action that are usually nonviolent and follow established patterns of behavior in bureaucratic social structures are called:a. social movementsb. routinec. petition drivesd. lobby formatione. party formation
![Page 23: Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f275503460f94c3eddc/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Answer: b
• Forms of collective action that are usually nonviolent and follow established patterns of behavior in bureaucratic social structures are called routine.
![Page 24: Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f275503460f94c3eddc/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
2. _________________ occurs when people act in unison to bring about or resist social, political, and economic change.
![Page 25: Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f275503460f94c3eddc/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Answer: collective action
1. Collective action occurs when people act in unison to bring about or resist social, political, and economic change.
![Page 26: Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f275503460f94c3eddc/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
3. A(n) _________________ is an enduring collective attempt to change all or part of the social order.
![Page 27: Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f275503460f94c3eddc/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Answer: social movement
• A social movement is an enduring collective attempt to change all or part of the social order.
![Page 28: Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f275503460f94c3eddc/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
4. According to breakdown theory, collective action and social movements result from:a. economic deprivationb. the irrationality of crowd behaviorc. instigation on the part of political
leadersd. all of these choicese. economic deprivation and the
irrationality of crowd behavior
![Page 29: Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f275503460f94c3eddc/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Answer: e
• According to breakdown theory, collective action and social movements result from economic deprivation and the irrationality of crowd behavior.
![Page 30: Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f275503460f94c3eddc/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
5. According to the textbook, breakdown theory largely explains annual fluctuations in the rate of lynching.
a. Trueb. False
![Page 31: Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f275503460f94c3eddc/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Answer: b
• According to the textbook, breakdown theory does not explain annual fluctuations in the rate of lynching.
![Page 32: Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f275503460f94c3eddc/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
6. Frame alignment is the process by which individual interests, beliefs, and values either become congruent with the activities, ideas, and goals of the movement or fail to do so.
a. Trueb. False
![Page 33: Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f275503460f94c3eddc/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Answer: a
• Frame alignment is the process by which individual interests, beliefs, and values either become congruent with the activities, ideas, and goals of the movement or fail to do so.
![Page 34: Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f275503460f94c3eddc/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
7. Around 1700 in Europe and North America, social movements were typically:a. large, national in scope, and non-
violentb. large, local in scope, and violentc. small, local in scope, and violentd. small, local in scope, and non-
violente. small, national in scope, and non-
violent
![Page 35: Chapter 16 Collective Action and Social Movements.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649f275503460f94c3eddc/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Answer: c
• Around 1700 in Europe and North America, social movements were typically small, local in scope, and violent.