Chapter 16 Carboxylic Acids and Esters
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Transcript of Chapter 16 Carboxylic Acids and Esters
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 1
Chapter 16 Carboxylic Acids and Esters
16.3 Esters16.4 Naming Esters
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Esters
In an ester, the H in the carboxyl group is replaced with an alkyl group
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Esterification is the reaction of a carboxylic acid and alcohol in the
presence of an acid catalyst to produce an ester
Esterification
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Write the equation for the reaction of propanoic acid and methanol in the presence of an acid catalyst.
Learning Check
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Write the equation for the reaction of propanoic acidand methanol in the presence of an acid catalyst.
Solution
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Ester Products
Aspirin is used to relieve pain and
reduce inflammation is an ester of salicylic acid
and acetic acid
Oil of wintergreen is used to soothe sore
muscles is an ester of salicylic acid
and methanol
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Esters in Plants
Esters give flowers and fruits theirpleasant fragrances and flavors.
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Guide to Naming Esters
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Naming Esters
The name of an ester contains the names of the alkyl group from the alcohol the carbon chain from the acid with -ate ending
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Learning Check
Give the IUPAC and common names of the following compound, which is responsible for the flavor and odor of pears:
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from 1-propanol
STEP 1 Write the carbon chain from the alcohol as alkyl. Propyl
STEP 2 Change ic acid to ate. Ethanoate (acetate) Propyl ethanoate (IUPAC name)
Propyl acetate (common name)
Solution
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Learning Check
Name the following esters:
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Solution
A. STEP 1 Write the carbon chain from the alcohol as alkyl. Methyl
STEP 2 Change butanoic acid (butyric acid) to butanoate (butyrate).Methyl butanoate (methyl butyrate)
B. STEP 1 Write the carbon chain from the alcohol as alkyl. Ethyl
STEP 2 Change propanoic acid (propionic acid) to propanoate (propionate)Ethyl propanoate (ethyl propionate)
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Learning Check
Draw the condensed structural formula of the followingesters: A. Ethyl pentanoate
B. Propyl butyrate
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Solution Draw the condensed structural formula of the followingesters:
A. Ethyl pentanoate B. Propyl butyrate