Chapter 15 The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance. Mendelian inheritance has its physical basis in the...
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Transcript of Chapter 15 The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance. Mendelian inheritance has its physical basis in the...
![Page 1: Chapter 15 The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance. Mendelian inheritance has its physical basis in the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f305503460f94c4af41/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 15The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
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Chapter 15The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Mendelian inheritance has its physical basis in the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis.
![Page 3: Chapter 15 The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance. Mendelian inheritance has its physical basis in the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f305503460f94c4af41/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Chapter 15The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Thomas Hunt Morgan
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Chapter 15The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Thomas Hunt MorganIn the early 1900’s, he was the first scientist to want different varieties of fruit flies to study.
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Chapter 15The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Thomas Hunt MorganA white-eyed mutation showed up in his laboratory.
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Chapter 15The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Thomas Hunt MorganHe bred his white-eyed fruit flies with “wild type” red-eyed fruit flies.
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Chapter 15The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Thomas Hunt MorganF1: all offspring had red eyes
(therefore red is dominant)
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Chapter 15The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Thomas Hunt MorganF2: red:white = 3:1
(as expected)
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Chapter 15The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Thomas Hunt MorganF2: red:white = 3:1
But all the white-eyed flies were male. (very surprising)
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Chapter 15The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Thomas Hunt MorganF2 red:white = 3:1
But all the white-eyed flies were male. (very surprising)
F2♀ red = 100%
F2♂ red:white = 1:1
![Page 11: Chapter 15 The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance. Mendelian inheritance has its physical basis in the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f305503460f94c4af41/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Chapter 15The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Thomas Hunt MorganTherefore the gene for white eyes is on the X chromosome.
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Chapter 15The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Thomas Hunt MorganXX = red-eyed female
XX = red-eyed femaleXY = red-eyed male
XY = white-eyed male
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Chapter 15The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Recombination
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Chapter 15The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
RecombinationLinked genes tend to be inherited together because they are on the same chromosome.
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Chapter 15The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
RecombinationIndependent assortment of chromosomes and crossing over produce genetic recombinations.
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Chapter 15The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
RecombinationRecombination can be used to map genes on the chromosome.1 centimorgan = 1% recombination
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Chapter 15The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Sex Chromosomes
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Chapter 15The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Sex ChromosomesSeveral patterns exist.
XX vs. XY
XX vs. X
ZW vs. ZZ
diploid vs. haploid
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Chapter 15The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Sex ChromosomesSeveral patterns exist.
XX vs. XY
XX vs. X
ZW vs. ZZ
diploid vs. haploid
![Page 20: Chapter 15 The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance. Mendelian inheritance has its physical basis in the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f305503460f94c4af41/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Chapter 15The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Barr Bodies
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Chapter 15The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Barr BodiesA mammalian cell needs only one active X chromosome.
In females, one of the two X’s is inactivated
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Chapter 15The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Genomic Imprinting
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Chapter 15The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Genomic ImprintingIndividual genes may also be inactivated. Often this is done preferentially to the maternal or to the paternal copy of the gene.
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REPRODUCTIVE COMPETITION BETWEEN MALES AND FEMALES
DAD DAD
MOM MOM MOM
KID KID KID KID KID KID
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Easygoing kids make mom’s job easier. Mom has more kids.
DAD DAD
MOM MOM MOM
KID KID KID KID KID KID
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Difficult kids make mom’s job harder. Moms have fewer kids. Dad’s kids do better.
DAD DAD
MOM MOM MOM
KID KID KID KID KID KID
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Genomic imprinting allows genes to have different effects based on whether they are passed through mom or through dad.
DAD DAD
MOM MOM MOM
KID KID KID KID KID KID
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Chapter 15The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Chromosomal Mutations
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Chapter 15The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Chromosomal MutationsAlterations in chromosome number or structure cause some genetic disorders.
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Chapter 15The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Chromosomal MutationsAneuploidy
Abnormal chromosome number
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Chapter 15The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Chromosomal MutationsPolyploidy
More than two complete sets of chromosomes
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Chapter 15The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Chromosomal MutationsDeletion
Duplication
Inversion
Translocation
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Chapter 15The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Extranuclear Genes
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Chapter 15The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Extranuclear GenesMitochondria and chloroplasts contain some genes
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Chapter 15The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Extranuclear GenesMitochondria and chloroplasts contain some genes.
These exhibit non-Mendelian inheritance (mother line only).