Chapter 15
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Transcript of Chapter 15
Chapter 15
Physical Geography of Russia
Section 1
Land Forms and Resources
Russia and the Republics occupy a large territory
• Is 3 times the size of the United States
Region sprawls across two continents
• Europe
• Asia
Region sprawls across two continents
• Cross 11 time zone throughout Europe and Asia
CHERNOZEM
• Black top soil – one of the world’s most fertile region
• See page 345
What % of the regions 290 million people
live on this plain• 75 %
• Or 217 million people live on the plains
Three largest cities on the plains
• Moscow, Russia
• St. Petersburg, Russia
• Kiev, Ukraine
Ural Mountains
• Separate the Northern European and West Siberian plains
• Divides Europe and Asia
Eurasia
• Combined continents of Europe and Asia
Caucasus Mountains(kaw-kuh-suhs)
• Stretch across the land that separates the Black and Caspian Sea
Transcaucasia
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia,
located – between Caucasus Mts. and borders of Turkey and Iran
Central Asia
• Kazakhstan • Kyrgyzstan• Tajikistan• Turkmenistan• Uzbekistan
SIBERIA
• Region in central and eastern Russia, from the Ural Mountains to the Pacific
• Known for mineral resources
• Russian government used this region as a political exile site
Section 2
Climate and Vegetation
CONTINENTALITY
• Russia and the Republics enormous size has a major effect on its climate
• Russia's climate increases as one travels east, with average temperature differences between the warmest (July) and coldest (January) ...
TAIGA(Tahy-guh)
Largest forest in the world
Continuous belt of evergreen forestsacross the Northern Hemisphere
North America and Eurasia
PROBLEM OF RUNOFF
• Rainfall not absorbed by soil, which can carry pesticides and fertilizers from fields to rivers which can endanger the food chain
TRANS-SIBERIAN RAILROAD
• Railroad that links Moscow (on the west) to the port of Vladivostok (on the east)
• Runs 6,000 miles across bitter cold, undeveloped region
REASONS RAILROAD IS BUILT
• Speed up travel
• Populate the region
• Develop resources
TIME ZONES
• 24 time zones in the world
• 360 degrees
• 15 degrees in each time zone
INTERNATIONAL DATELINE
• Marks where a new calendar day begins
Chapter 16
A Diverse Heritage
Section 1
Russia and the Western Republics
BALTIC REPUBLIC
• Countries of Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia
• Located on the east coast of the Baltic Sea
Russian Empire develops
• 800’s
• Vikings settle between the Baltic and Black Sea
• Mixed with the Slavs
Role of the Czar in Russian History
• Czar was the ruler of Russia before the Russian Revolution in 1917
• Helped modernized Russia from 1682 to 1725
• Peter the Great attempted to modernize Russia
Peter the Great
RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
• Revolt in 1917 – Communist government of Lenin took control of the government from the Czar.
Lenin
USSR
• Union of Soviet Socialist Republic
• Formed in 1922 by the Communist government
• Dissolved in 1991
COLD WAR
• Conflict between the USSR and the US after World War II
• Nuclear power conflict
• Called a cold war because it never escalated into an open warfare
COMMAND ECONOMY
• Plan under the Communist government in the USSR
• Government controlled the production of goods and services (complete opposite of the US)
Market Economy(U.S. economy today)
• A market economy is economy based on the division of labor in which the prices of goods and services are determined in a free price system set by supply and demand.[1]
COLLECTIVE FARM
• Used by the USSR under Stalin
• A large labor force that worked together on enormous farms in the USSR
3 Republics of Transcaucasia
• Armenia
• Azerbaijan
• Georgia
Conflict in Transcaucasia
• Ethnic conflicts in the region
• Ethnicity is what ties you to your race or culture. It is your background and has a strong influence in the things you do. Ethnic groups are large and vary from location to location.
Soviet military takes control of Transcaucasian in modern times
• Red Army (former USSR)
SUPRA
• Georgian (Russian) term for dinner party
• Many foods, toasts, and short speeches
SILK ROAD
• 4000 mile route – between China and Mediterranean Sea
• Named for the expensive silk that travel from China to the west
• Road spread ideas, technology, and religion
NOMAD
• A person with no permanent home
• Moves from place to place
• In search of food, water, and grazing land
YURT
• Tent that was used by central Asia’s nomads
Chapter 17
• Russia and the Republics
CHECHNYA
• A republic that remains apart of Russia after the collapse of the Soviet Union despite independence movements and violence
WAR BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHECHNYA
• Chechens (people from Chechnya) want independence
WAR BETWEEN RUSSIA AND GEORGIA
• Georgia wanted their independence (after 1991)
• Resulted in thousands of deaths and refugee problems
PRIVATIZATION
• Going from a Command Economy to a Market Economy
• Selling of government owned businesses to private citizens
• Took place after 1991
RUSSIANS LIVING IN POVERTY
• After 1991 – 40% of the people lived below the poverty line
DIFFICULTIES WITH RUSSIA’S SIZE
• So big and distant from Moscow
• Some regional leaders have chosen to ignore government reform.
CONTROL OVER REGIONAL LEADERS
• Government created federal districts with governors
• Governors answered to Moscow
ORGANIZED CRIME
• Growth of organized crime
• Illegal activities are more lucrative that honest business
• Illegal activities reduced the governments tax revenues