RIZAL AS HISTORIANRizal’s research studies in the British

Museum (London) and in Bibliotheque Nationale (Paris) enriched his historical knowledge.

His annotations to Morga’s book showed his familiarity with historiography.

He told Isabelo de los Reyes, “A historian ought to be rigorously imparted…I never assert anything on my own authority. I cite texts and when I do, I have them before me.”

RIZAL AS HISTORIANFirst Voyage Around the World

(Italian) Antonio PigafettaHistorical works of Marsden, Raffles,

Lord Stanley, and Wallace in EnglishWritings of Blumetritt, Jagor,

Virchow in German Books of M. Jacquet, J. Mallat, & A.

Marche in FrenchWorks of TH Pardo de Tavera &

Pedro Paterno, in Spanish

Other works of Rizal which Qualify him to be a Real

Historian:1. Ma- yi 2. Tawalisi of Ibn Batuta 3. Filipinas Dentro de Cien Anos 4. La Politica Colonial on Filipinas5. Historia de la Familia Rizal de Calamba 6. Los Pueblos del Archipelago Indico

The Philippines Within a Century In this article, Rizal portrayed the

glorious past of the Filipino people, described its economic stagnation and unhappiness under the harsh and bungling Spanish rule.

At the last paragraph, he also peered into the future and warned Spain of what would happen to its colonial empire in Asia if she would not adopt a more liberal and enlightened policy toward Philippines.

The Indolence of the FilipinosAn essay, which is an able defense of the alleged indolence of the Filipinos. Reasons why Filipinos did not work hard during Spanish regime :

1. The native revolts and the other internal disorders which followed the establishment of American rule2. The wars which the Filipinos fought for Spain against the Dutch, Portuguese, English and other enemies3. The frightful raids of the Muslim pirates

The Indolence of the Filipinos

4.The forced labor, resulting in the abandonment of industry, commerce and agriculture

5. Lack of stimulus to work harder because the people could not enjoy the fruits of their labor

6. Government neglect and indifference to agriculture, commerce and industry

7. The bad example shown by the Spaniards on despising manual labor

8. The teaching of the Spanish missionaries

9. Encouragement and propagation of gambling by the Spanish authorities

10. System of Spanish education did not promote the economic enterprise and activity

International Association of Filipinologists

Aim: To study the Philippines from the scientific and historical point of view.

The officers:President: Ferdinand Blumentritt (Austrian)

Vice –Pres: Edward Plauchut (French)

Counsellor: Dr. Reinhold Rost (Anglo-German)

Counsellor: Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor (Filipino-Spanish)

Secretary: Dr. Jose Rizal (Filipino)

The holding of Inaugural convention did not materialize because the French government discourage the holding of conferences by private organization for the period of international exposition.

Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor

Dr. Reinhold Rost

Project for Filipino College in Hong Kong

Aim: To train and educate men of good family and financial means in accordance to the demands of modern times and circumstances

Mariano Cunanan – promised to raise P40,000 as initial payment of the college

Curriculum:oEthics- Study of Religion – Natural Law – Civil law – Deportment

– HygieneoMathematics – Physics and Chemistry – Natural History –

Geography – Political EconomyoUniversal History – Philippine History – Logic – Rhetoric – PoeticsoSpanish – English – French – German – Chinese – TagalogoGymnastics – Equitation – Fencing – Swimming – Music –

Drawing – Dancing

Por Telefono Rizal wrote Por Telefono in the fall of 1889 in

Barcelona as reply to another slanderer, Fr. Salvador Font who was the mastermind of banning Noli.

This was under the authorship of “Dimas Alang” Describes in comical vein a telephone

conversation between Fr. Font who was in Madrid and father provincial of St. Agustin Convent in Manila.

Por Telefono Demonstrates Rizal’s prophetic insight:o In the year 1900, Philippines was

connected to Metropolis by means of telephone laid out by Anglo-Catalan company called Trans-Oceanic Telephone Company.

oRizal predicted much ahead of time that people could carry on overseas telephonic conversations.

Christmas in ParisRizal and Jose Albert planned to have sumptuous

Christmas dinner – fried chicken, rice and vegetables.After New Year, Rizal made a brief visit to London due

to two reasons:o To check up his annotated edition of Morga’s

Sucesos with the original copy in British Museumo To see Gertrude Beckett for last time

By mid January 1890, he was back in Paris and suffered a terrible headache.