Chapter 14—Chapter 14—Revolution and Revolution and

NationalismNationalism

Setting the Stage for Setting the Stage for Revolution in RussiaRevolution in Russia

Alexander III ruled Alexander III ruled with an iron fist. with an iron fist. Anyone who was Anyone who was different-not an different-not an Russian Orthodox or Russian Orthodox or who spoke a who spoke a different language different language was called was called dangerous and a dangerous and a target of target of persecution. persecution. He He made Russian made Russian the official the official language language of the country and he of the country and he persecuted persecuted Jews. He wouldn’t allow Jews. He wouldn’t allow them to them to live amongst other live amongst other Russians. The Russians. The people of Russia had people of Russia had riots or riots or pogroms against Jews in the pogroms against Jews in the country.country.

Nicholas IINicholas II

Nicholas vowed to rule like his father Nicholas vowed to rule like his father as an as an autocrat. autocrat. Russia was behind the Russia was behind the rest of rest of Europe’s industry---this led Europe’s industry---this led Sergey Sergey Witte (Russian minister) to Witte (Russian minister) to help help finance industry in Russia. By finance industry in Russia. By 1900, Russia was 41900, Russia was 4thth in steel in steel production in the world. He also production in the world. He also pushed for the Trans-Siberian pushed for the Trans-Siberian Railway---the worlds longest railroad Railway---the worlds longest railroad

connecting east connecting east Russia to the west.Russia to the west.

The Revolution GrowsThe Revolution Grows

With industrialization came an increase in With industrialization came an increase in the gap between the rich and the poor. An the gap between the rich and the poor. An industrial class began to grow and with them industrial class began to grow and with them came the idea of overthrowing the came the idea of overthrowing the government. The industrial class wanted to government. The industrial class wanted to form a state where the workers would rule—form a state where the workers would rule—they used Marxist ideas as basis for their they used Marxist ideas as basis for their new ideasnew ideas

2 groups emerged: Mensheviks—they 2 groups emerged: Mensheviks—they wanted a broad base of popular support for wanted a broad base of popular support for the revolution. And the Bolsheviks….the revolution. And the Bolsheviks….

BolsheviksBolsheviks

The Bolsheviks believed in a small The Bolsheviks believed in a small number of revolutionaries who would number of revolutionaries who would fight for radical change. They were led fight for radical change. They were led by Vladimir Lenin—Lenin was ruthless by Vladimir Lenin—Lenin was ruthless and would stop at nothing to win. He and would stop at nothing to win. He was forced to flee to western Europe to was forced to flee to western Europe to avoid being arrested. While there he avoid being arrested. While there he waited for his people to revolt and pave waited for his people to revolt and pave the way for his return to Russia. the way for his return to Russia.

Crisis at homeCrisis at home Russo-Japanese War—The Russians were Russo-Japanese War—The Russians were

defeated in the Korea and Manchuria by defeated in the Korea and Manchuria by the Japanese. the Japanese.

Bloody Sunday—A group of protestors Bloody Sunday—A group of protestors went the Czar’s palace and demanded went the Czar’s palace and demanded better working conditions for the people—better working conditions for the people—the Czar wasn’t home but his troops were the Czar wasn’t home but his troops were and they killed between 500-1000 and they killed between 500-1000 unarmed people. Russians protested the unarmed people. Russians protested the violence and Nicholas created a DUMA or a violence and Nicholas created a DUMA or a parliament—the leaders of DUMA wanted parliament—the leaders of DUMA wanted to model themselves after a constitutional to model themselves after a constitutional monarchy, but they were quickly shut monarchy, but they were quickly shut down of after 10 weeks of being in session.down of after 10 weeks of being in session.

Crisis at homeCrisis at home WWI-Russia was unprepared for war and was WWI-Russia was unprepared for war and was

defeated time and time again.defeated time and time again.Nicholas thought if he moved to the front he Nicholas thought if he moved to the front he

would be more successful in the war. He left would be more successful in the war. He left his wife Czarina Alexandra to take care of the his wife Czarina Alexandra to take care of the country on an every day basis. country on an every day basis.

Alexandra relied on the help of Rasputin—a Alexandra relied on the help of Rasputin—a “holy man” He put all of his friends into “holy man” He put all of his friends into positions of power and refused to make any positions of power and refused to make any reforms---this and his increased control over reforms---this and his increased control over Russia caused him to be murdered by Russia caused him to be murdered by nobles. nobles.

The March RevolutionThe March Revolution

A group of textile workers protested their A group of textile workers protested their working conditions in 1917. Their protest working conditions in 1917. Their protest spread throughout Russia and forced the spread throughout Russia and forced the Czar to step down. Czar to step down.

A provisional government, made up of the A provisional government, made up of the defunct DUMA, attempted to fix Russia. defunct DUMA, attempted to fix Russia. The Soviets, organized councils of workers, The Soviets, organized councils of workers, held most of the power in the country and held most of the power in the country and the Duma was essentially powerless. the Duma was essentially powerless.

Lenin and the Bolshevik Lenin and the Bolshevik RevolutionRevolution Lenin is returned to Russia by the Lenin is returned to Russia by the

Germans. He begins to rally people Germans. He begins to rally people around him through his campaign around him through his campaign slogan, “PEACE, LAND, and BREAD”. slogan, “PEACE, LAND, and BREAD”.

With increased support of the people the With increased support of the people the Bolsheviks take over the provisional Bolsheviks take over the provisional government in Nov 1917. When the government in Nov 1917. When the Bolsheviks take over, they immediately Bolsheviks take over, they immediately put Lenin into power.put Lenin into power.

LeninLenin Immediately after Lenin takes over, he signs the Immediately after Lenin takes over, he signs the

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. The agreement left the people humiliated and The agreement left the people humiliated and

mad.mad. Civil Civil War-A group of those who opposed the War-A group of those who opposed the

treaty created the White Army. The leader of the treaty created the White Army. The leader of the RED Army was Leon Trotsky. For 2 years the RED Army was Leon Trotsky. For 2 years the white army (with support from the US) and the white army (with support from the US) and the Red Army fought each other. Over 15 million Red Army fought each other. Over 15 million men died due to war, famine, and disease during men died due to war, famine, and disease during this period.this period.

In the end the RED ARMY was successful at In the end the RED ARMY was successful at defeating the White Army.defeating the White Army.

LENIN RESTORES RUSSIALENIN RESTORES RUSSIA

Lenin introduced the New Economic Lenin introduced the New Economic Policy—this included some capitalistic Policy—this included some capitalistic ideas. Peasants would be able to sell ideas. Peasants would be able to sell their surplus crops instead of turning their surplus crops instead of turning them over to the government. The them over to the government. The gov’t would maintain control over gov’t would maintain control over major industries, but would let small major industries, but would let small companies operate under private companies operate under private ownership. ownership.

Political ReformsPolitical Reforms Lenin recognized that nationalism would cause Lenin recognized that nationalism would cause

problems with Russia. He organized Russia into problems with Russia. He organized Russia into several self-governing republics under the common several self-governing republics under the common government called government called Union of Soviet Socialist Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).Republics (USSR). The Republic would be The Republic would be controlled by the capital of Moscow.controlled by the capital of Moscow.

The Bolsheviks called themselves Communist The Bolsheviks called themselves Communist after Karl Marxafter Karl Marx. .

He created a gov’t based on socialist and He created a gov’t based on socialist and democratic principles—in reality the communist democratic principles—in reality the communist controlled the government.controlled the government.

Lenin was not able to see the recovery of Russia Lenin was not able to see the recovery of Russia because he died in 1924 as a result of several because he died in 1924 as a result of several strokes. He left behind a power struggle over who strokes. He left behind a power struggle over who would control USSR.would control USSR.

TOTALITARIANISM---STALINTOTALITARIANISM---STALIN

Joseph Stalin “man of steel” was the Joseph Stalin “man of steel” was the Secretary of the Communist Party. Secretary of the Communist Party. He worked behind the scenes to put He worked behind the scenes to put his friends into key positions in the his friends into key positions in the government. government.

By 1928, he got complete control of By 1928, he got complete control of the Communist Party. He was able the Communist Party. He was able to put his competitor, Trotsky to put his competitor, Trotsky (favored by Lenin), into exile. (favored by Lenin), into exile.

Stalin wanted to create a totalitarian Stalin wanted to create a totalitarian state in Russia with him as the leader.state in Russia with him as the leader.

Totalitarianism describes a gov’t that Totalitarianism describes a gov’t that takes total centralized state control over takes total centralized state control over every aspect of public and private lives.every aspect of public and private lives.

EXAMPLES Of Totalitarianism States and EXAMPLES Of Totalitarianism States and leaders—Hitler, Mussolini, and Mao leaders—Hitler, Mussolini, and Mao (China).(China).

Stalin Builds a Totalitarian Stalin Builds a Totalitarian StateState

Stalin creates a Stalin creates a command economy---a system command economy---a system in which the government made all the in which the government made all the economic decisionseconomic decisions. .

Stalin creates a Stalin creates a 5 Year Plan-the goal of the 5 Year Plan-the goal of the plan was to have the gov’t rapidly increase plan was to have the gov’t rapidly increase industry and strengthen its defense.industry and strengthen its defense. To reach To reach its outrageous goals—it limited production of its outrageous goals—it limited production of consumer goods. The people were left with food, consumer goods. The people were left with food, housing, and clothing shortages. housing, and clothing shortages.

The gov’t controlled all aspects of life: it assigned The gov’t controlled all aspects of life: it assigned jobs for people, told them when/if they could move, jobs for people, told them when/if they could move, people would arrest those who didn’t contribute to people would arrest those who didn’t contribute to society, society,

The goals were not met, but USSR did have The goals were not met, but USSR did have increase in production in their country. increase in production in their country.

Totalitarian TraitsTotalitarian Traits

Dictatorship-One Party RuleDictatorship-One Party Rule Dynamic LeaderDynamic Leader Ideology—Set of beliefs to support govtIdeology—Set of beliefs to support govt State Control over all sectors of SocietyState Control over all sectors of Society State Control over individualsState Control over individuals Dependence on Modern Technology—Dependence on Modern Technology—

Weapons Communication to spread ideasWeapons Communication to spread ideas Organized violence to force cohersionOrganized violence to force cohersion

Weapons of TotalitarianismWeapons of Totalitarianism

Police Terror-Stalin used the police to Police Terror-Stalin used the police to destroy his enemies. In 1934 Stalin destroy his enemies. In 1934 Stalin had the had the Great Purge-it killed Great Purge-it killed anyone who went against Stalin’s anyone who went against Stalin’s powerpower. Thousands of Bolsheviks were . Thousands of Bolsheviks were helped in the Revolution were killed helped in the Revolution were killed for crimes against the USSR.for crimes against the USSR.

Even the Director of the Moscow Zoo Even the Director of the Moscow Zoo faced his wrath when the monkeys faced his wrath when the monkeys got TBgot TB

Weapons of TotalitarianismWeapons of Totalitarianism

Indoctrination and Propaganda—Indoctrination and Propaganda—Indoctrination is when the people are Indoctrination is when the people are instructed in the beliefs of the gov’t. instructed in the beliefs of the gov’t. Socialist Realism-this was an artistic Socialist Realism-this was an artistic style that promoted Communismstyle that promoted Communism

CensorshipCensorship Religious PersecutionReligious Persecution

LIFE UNDER STALINLIFE UNDER STALIN

Women gained equal rights. Women gained equal rights. By 1950, 75 % of the women were By 1950, 75 % of the women were

doctors. Women were still doctors. Women were still responsible for housework and responsible for housework and childcare.childcare.

Education-The government controlled Education-The government controlled all education and created schools that all education and created schools that taught the benefits of the communist taught the benefits of the communist way of life.way of life.

ChinaChina

Imperial China collapses by nationalist Imperial China collapses by nationalist groups. Sun Yixian was a nationalist who groups. Sun Yixian was a nationalist who led the new Republic of China. He wanted led the new Republic of China. He wanted to build a modern government using these to build a modern government using these 3 principles: Nationalism, democracy, and 3 principles: Nationalism, democracy, and economic security. economic security.

When Yixian turned over his presidency to When Yixian turned over his presidency to one of his generals, the country quickly one of his generals, the country quickly went under the control of a dictator and the went under the control of a dictator and the country became perfect for a revolution. country became perfect for a revolution.

ChinaChina

China underwent a period of revolutions China underwent a period of revolutions and when WWI occurred the people of and when WWI occurred the people of China were angry about the Treaty of China were angry about the Treaty of Versailles—Japan got all of Germanys Versailles—Japan got all of Germanys territory in Asia. The Chinese people territory in Asia. The Chinese people were angry and revolutionaries began were angry and revolutionaries began to protest imperialist/Europeans—this is to protest imperialist/Europeans—this is when Mao Zedong( China’s greatest when Mao Zedong( China’s greatest revolutionary leader) emerges as a revolutionary leader) emerges as a leader of the revolutionaries.leader of the revolutionaries.

The Communist PartyThe Communist Party Mao seeks out help in repairing the Chinese Mao seeks out help in repairing the Chinese

government from the West, but when the U.S. government from the West, but when the U.S. and its allies refuse to help the struggling country and its allies refuse to help the struggling country Mao looks to Russia for help.Mao looks to Russia for help.

Mao bases his revolution on Lenin.Mao bases his revolution on Lenin. When the leader Sun Yixian dies he leaves Chiang When the leader Sun Yixian dies he leaves Chiang

Kai-Shek to take over the govt.Kai-Shek to take over the govt. Kai-Shek (Jiang) believes in more democratic Kai-Shek (Jiang) believes in more democratic

ideas and he gets support from the allies.ideas and he gets support from the allies. A civil war develops between those who support A civil war develops between those who support

Mao (mostly peasants) and those who support Mao (mostly peasants) and those who support Kai-Sek (Jiang).Kai-Sek (Jiang).

As the civil war occurs, the Communist pushed As the civil war occurs, the Communist pushed further and further out of China during a period further and further out of China during a period called the LONG MARCH. called the LONG MARCH.

Just as the nationalist are able to push the Just as the nationalist are able to push the communist out to the outskirts of China, China communist out to the outskirts of China, China is invaded by the Japanese.is invaded by the Japanese.

““Little Red Book”—1949 A list of Mao’s Little Red Book”—1949 A list of Mao’s speeches that the people of China were speeches that the people of China were required to have after Mao and the Communist required to have after Mao and the Communist were able to take over China. were able to take over China.

IndiaIndia

Mahatma Gandhi led the protest Mahatma Gandhi led the protest against the British control of India.against the British control of India.

The Amristar MassacresThe Amristar Massacreswas supposed to be awas supposed to be apeaceful protest against thepeaceful protest against theBrittish but the British soldiersBrittish but the British soldiersOpen fired on peaceful Open fired on peaceful Protesters killing over 400 ppleProtesters killing over 400 pple

Gandhi Gandhi

Mahatma means “GREAT SOUL” in Mahatma means “GREAT SOUL” in Indian. His teachings blended Hindu, Indian. His teachings blended Hindu, Islam, and Christianity. He encouraged Islam, and Christianity. He encouraged a policy of non-cooperation . He a policy of non-cooperation . He encouraged civil disobedience—encouraged civil disobedience—deliberate and public refusal to obey deliberate and public refusal to obey an unjust law. He called on Indians to an unjust law. He called on Indians to refuse to do the following: buy British refuse to do the following: buy British goods, attend government schools, goods, attend government schools, pay British taxes, and vote in elections. pay British taxes, and vote in elections.

Indian IndependenceIndian Independence

In 1935, British allowed for self rule In 1935, British allowed for self rule in and limited democratic elections. in and limited democratic elections. The RAJ had ended.The RAJ had ended.

TurkeyTurkey Under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Turkish Under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Turkish

nationalist were able to overthrow the last Ottoman nationalist were able to overthrow the last Ottoman Emperor. Emperor. Kemel separated Islamic law from the laws of Turkey Kemel separated Islamic law from the laws of Turkey and tried to modernize the Republic of Turkey.and tried to modernize the Republic of Turkey.

Persia and Iran-Before WWI both Russia and Britain Persia and Iran-Before WWI both Russia and Britain had interest in Persia. When Britain tried to take had interest in Persia. When Britain tried to take Persia the people protested and a revolution occurred. Persia the people protested and a revolution occurred. Reza Shah Pahlavi took over the country and Reza Shah Pahlavi took over the country and renamed it Iran. renamed it Iran.

In Arabia, several countries united to form Saudi In Arabia, several countries united to form Saudi Arabia.Arabia.

In the 1920s this area developed because of the In the 1920s this area developed because of the discovery of oil reserves in the area. discovery of oil reserves in the area.

The Age of UncertaintyThe Age of Uncertainty

Einstein created his theory of Einstein created his theory of relativity—as moving objects get near relativity—as moving objects get near the speed of light, space, and time the speed of light, space, and time become relative.become relative.

Freud changed the way people Freud changed the way people thought about the human mind. He thought about the human mind. He said human behavior was irrational-said human behavior was irrational-due to urges and desires buried in the due to urges and desires buried in the unconscious mind of each person. unconscious mind of each person.

Literature Literature Existentialism-there is no universal meaning Existentialism-there is no universal meaning

to the world. Each person much give meaning to the world. Each person much give meaning to their life through his or her own actions.to their life through his or her own actions.

T.S. Eliot was a American Poet who wrote, T.S. Eliot was a American Poet who wrote, “The Wasteland”.“The Wasteland”.

ArtArt

Artist began to rebel against traditional Artist began to rebel against traditional painting. They didn’t recreate realistic painting. They didn’t recreate realistic art—they created a new style of art art—they created a new style of art called called Surrealism-this showed art in Surrealism-this showed art in a dreamlike existence outside of a dreamlike existence outside of reality.reality.

Pablo Picasso came out of this time Pablo Picasso came out of this time period using a style called period using a style called Cubism-this Cubism-this broke objects down into geometric broke objects down into geometric shapesshapes..

The Jazz AgeThe Jazz Age

Jazz developed by African Americans Jazz developed by African Americans in the US. This was a form of lively, in the US. This was a form of lively, loose musicloose music

People began to express themselves People began to express themselves in a new way. Women began to in a new way. Women began to dress in a new risky style and they dress in a new risky style and they became known as Flappers. became known as Flappers.

Women during the time period began Women during the time period began to smoke and drink with men in to smoke and drink with men in public at places called speakeasies.public at places called speakeasies.

Speakeasies were illegally runSpeakeasies were illegally run

Nightclubs during the 1920s. Nightclubs during the 1920s.

Alcohol was outlawed by the 18Alcohol was outlawed by the 18thth

Amendment and these illegalAmendment and these illegal

Nightclubs allowed people to enjoy. Nightclubs allowed people to enjoy.

Al Capone, one of the most famous Al Capone, one of the most famous mafia leaders ever, made his $$ mafia leaders ever, made his $$ through illegally selling alcohol in through illegally selling alcohol in places like speakeasies.places like speakeasies.

A hero…A hero…

Charles Lindberg was the 1Charles Lindberg was the 1stst pilot to pilot to fly alone across the Atlantic Ocean in fly alone across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927. Later in 1932, Amelia Earhart 1927. Later in 1932, Amelia Earhart became the 1became the 1stst woman to fly solo. woman to fly solo.

KDKA was the 1KDKA was the 1stst

Commercial radio station.Commercial radio station.

DEPRESSIONDEPRESSION

The government in Germany, known as The government in Germany, known as the WEIMER REPUBLIC, was very weak. the WEIMER REPUBLIC, was very weak. They had high inflation and money was They had high inflation and money was losing its value. U.S. banks tried to help losing its value. U.S. banks tried to help German economy to recover.German economy to recover.

Charles Dawes, an American banker, Charles Dawes, an American banker, loaned Germany the $$ to survive. The loaned Germany the $$ to survive. The Dawes Plan gave $200 million to Germany Dawes Plan gave $200 million to Germany in order for it to improve its economy in order for it to improve its economy (money situation). (money situation).

1929 Stock Market Crash1929 Stock Market Crash

Stock MarketStock Market The U.S. stock market was the financial The U.S. stock market was the financial

capital of the world. People were buying capital of the world. People were buying stocks on a margin meaning they would stocks on a margin meaning they would pay a stockbroker for a part of the stock pay a stockbroker for a part of the stock and the broker would cover the rest of the and the broker would cover the rest of the cost of the stock. People began to cost of the stock. People began to question the high value of some stocks and question the high value of some stocks and they began selling stocks. Other people got they began selling stocks. Other people got nervous because of the selling of the nervous because of the selling of the stocks and no one was buying stocks. The stocks and no one was buying stocks. The market crashed –people who owed money market crashed –people who owed money for margin stocks couldn’t pay for the stock for margin stocks couldn’t pay for the stock and the economy went into a depression.and the economy went into a depression.

The Great DepressionThe Great Depression

This period of financial despair was known This period of financial despair was known as the Great Depression.as the Great Depression.

People, unable to afford homes, began to People, unable to afford homes, began to live in makeshift homes called shantytowns. live in makeshift homes called shantytowns.

In the U.S. Franklin Roosevelt began a In the U.S. Franklin Roosevelt began a program called The New Deal—it was a program called The New Deal—it was a large public works program designed to large public works program designed to make jobs for the unemployed. Regulations make jobs for the unemployed. Regulations were imposed to reform the stock market were imposed to reform the stock market and the banking system.and the banking system.

FascismFascism

Since the economy was so poor, Since the economy was so poor, people in countries wanted a strong people in countries wanted a strong leader to solve their problems.leader to solve their problems.

Fascist were a group that appealed to Fascist were a group that appealed to people –they were very nationalistic, people –they were very nationalistic, they believed in authority and strong they believed in authority and strong militaries. Within a fascist militaries. Within a fascist government, the party was ruled by government, the party was ruled by one person called a dictator. They one person called a dictator. They didn’t allow individual rights. didn’t allow individual rights.

Mussolini- IL DUCEMussolini- IL DUCE The economy in Italy is poor and The economy in Italy is poor and Mussolini appeals to the people that he can Mussolini appeals to the people that he can Improve the economy and increase the power of Improve the economy and increase the power of

Italy by having a strong, large military.Italy by having a strong, large military.Mussolini gained power by using “thugs” to Mussolini gained power by using “thugs” to

intimidate his political opponents—who does that intimidate his political opponents—who does that remind you of?remind you of?

The King of Italy decided Mussolini was the answer The King of Italy decided Mussolini was the answer to his problems and he allowed him to rule Italy.to his problems and he allowed him to rule Italy.

As the leader of Italy, Mussolini abolished As the leader of Italy, Mussolini abolished democracy, outlawed all political parties and democracy, outlawed all political parties and controlled the economy.controlled the economy.

HitlerHitler

HitlerHitler

The Fascist party was gaining political The Fascist party was gaining political popularity in other countries—especially in popularity in other countries—especially in Germany. Adolf Hitler emerged as the Germany. Adolf Hitler emerged as the leader of the Nazis. He tried to take over leader of the Nazis. He tried to take over the government using a revolution, so the the government using a revolution, so the government sent him to prison. In prison he government sent him to prison. In prison he wrote, wrote, Mein Kampf—My Struggle.Mein Kampf—My Struggle. The book The book was extremely popular and Hitler ran for was extremely popular and Hitler ran for president. He lost to Hindenburg, but was president. He lost to Hindenburg, but was given a position in the govt—chancellor.given a position in the govt—chancellor.

The economy in Germany was horrible The economy in Germany was horrible and with the depression the people of and with the depression the people of Germany were looking for a solution to Germany were looking for a solution to their problems. The people were getting their problems. The people were getting more and more angry with the effects of more and more angry with the effects of the Treaty of Versailles. Hitler promised the Treaty of Versailles. Hitler promised to return Germany to the power it had to return Germany to the power it had prior to WWI. When the depression hit, prior to WWI. When the depression hit, Germany Hitler became the leader of the Germany Hitler became the leader of the country.country.

HitlerHitler

Hitler became the fuehrer or leader. Hitler became the fuehrer or leader. Anyone who opposed him would be Anyone who opposed him would be immediately arrested. He took away all the immediately arrested. He took away all the rights of the German people—he burned rights of the German people—he burned books that were against his beliefs or his books that were against his beliefs or his policies. He attacked anyone who was policies. He attacked anyone who was different from the ideal German that he different from the ideal German that he imagined in his head—Jews, physically and imagined in his head—Jews, physically and handicapped people, Gypsies, and anyone handicapped people, Gypsies, and anyone else who was believed to be against else who was believed to be against Germany. Germany.

Japan…Japan… During the 1920’s Japan’s economy was good During the 1920’s Japan’s economy was good

and a civilian government controlled the and a civilian government controlled the country. When the economy went bad, the country. When the economy went bad, the military took over the government. This military took over the government. This government decided that the way to make government decided that the way to make Japan more self sufficient was to get more Japan more self sufficient was to get more raw materials to help to boost it’s economy. raw materials to help to boost it’s economy. The way to get more raw goods is through The way to get more raw goods is through conquering other countries. conquering other countries.

The Emperor was powerless against the The Emperor was powerless against the military—if he stopped militarism the military military—if he stopped militarism the military would remove him from office. would remove him from office.

Japan continued…Japan continued… Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931 to get coal and iron. Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931 to get coal and iron.

In 1937, Japan invaded China and 200,000 people In 1937, Japan invaded China and 200,000 people were killed during the capture of the Chinese capital. were killed during the capture of the Chinese capital. By 1939, Japan had used up a lot of China’s resources By 1939, Japan had used up a lot of China’s resources and it was looking at Southeast Asia to get more and it was looking at Southeast Asia to get more resources.resources.

The U.S. stopped sending fuel and metal to Japan and The U.S. stopped sending fuel and metal to Japan and the Japanese attacked Indochina to get more supplies. the Japanese attacked Indochina to get more supplies.

In 1940, Japan signed the Tripartite Pact with In 1940, Japan signed the Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy. It said each country would help Germany and Italy. It said each country would help the other countries if the U.S. attacked it. the other countries if the U.S. attacked it.

When the U.S. found out about Indochina FDR quickly When the U.S. found out about Indochina FDR quickly stops trade with Japan. stops trade with Japan.

Hideki Tojo became a prime minister and he promoted Hideki Tojo became a prime minister and he promoted expansionism. expansionism.