Chapter 14Chapter 14The

Roman Republic

The Roman

Republic

That just happened!

Founding of Rome by Romulus

753 B.C. 753-715 B.C.

Romulus is King of Rome

745-612 B.C.

AssyrianEmpire

Time of Jewish

Prophet Isaiah

By: Michelangelo

724 B.C.

Diaulos (footRace) added to Olympics

722 B.C. 718 B.C.

Samaria, IsraelCapital, falls to

Sargon

The EternalFlame of Rome

is ignited

   718 BC - The Eternal Flame of Rome is ignited, tended by the Vestal

Virgins.  It was the longest lasting fire, continuing to burn for 1112

years until it was allowed to die-out in 394 AD

                                       

715-663 B.C.

Numa  Pompilius-King of Rome

Pentathlon added

to Olympics

Death ofSargon II, King

Of Assyria

708 B.C. 705 B.C.

700 B.C.

Roman & SabineKings rule over

Roman Territories

Babylondestroyed by

Assyrians

Early Rome atodds with neighbors

“Sabines”

690-630 B.C.

689 B.C.

688 B.C.

Boxing addedto Olympics

680 B.C.

673-642 B.C.

Etruscan Tarquinstake control

of Rome

Four-horsechariot race

added toOlympics

Tullus Hostilius,King of Rome

                                                                                                                              

670 B.C.

First major bridge "Pons

Sublicius" (wood piles) built across

the Tiber River to

the Temple to

Jupiter

669 B.C.

666 B.C.

Ashurbanipalbecomes King

of Assyria

Ashurbanipalestablishes world’s 1st

library

648 B.C.

642-617 B.C.

627 B.C. Pankration

(boxing/wrestling)added toOlympics

Ancus Martius,King ofRome

Ashurbanipal dies

616-510 B.C.

616-579 B.C.

612 B.C.

Romedominated by

Etruscan culture

Lucius Tarquinius

(Tarquin I), 1st Etruscan King

of Rome, takespeaceful control

of Rome

Ninevah iscaptured;

end of Assyria

605-562 B.C.

600 B.C. 586 B.C.

Nebuchadnezzar,

King of Babylonia

Public Square“The Forum

Romanum” iscreated in

Rome

Destructionof Jerusalemand Templeof Solomon

580 B.C.

578-535 B.C.

570 B.C.

Birth of Cyrusthe Great of

Persia

Servius Tarquinius

Tullius, LatinKing of Rome

Tower ofBabel builtin Babylon

562 B.C.

559 B.C.

550 B.C.

Nebuchadnezzar,

King of Babylon, dies

(age 84)

Cyrus the Great

comes to power

in Persia

Temple of Artemis built

549 B.C.

538 B.C.

526 B.C.

Belshazzar comes

to power inBabylonia

Cyrus the Great

of Persiaconquers

Babylonia

Cyrus allowsJews to return to Jerusalemand begin rebuilding temple

535 B.C.

535-510 B.C.

529 B.C. Construction on

Isle of Samos (oldest tunnel still in use: originally for

water now used by pedestrians b/w Greece &

Turkey

Lucius TarquiniusSuperbus,

“TheProud”

(Tarquin II) – last Etruscan King of Rome

Cyrus theGreat dies

525 B.C.

525 B.C.

522-484 B.C.

Persia conquers

Egypt

Foot race (in armor) added to Olympics

Darius I “The Great”

rulesPersia

515 B.C.

510 B.C.

Temple completed in

Jerusalem (only “Western Wall” remains today)

Tarquinius Superbus & other

“Tarquins” expelled from

Rome

Section 1

Section 1The

GovernmentThe

Government

What’s happening now???

What’s happening now???

•509 B.C. – Romans overthrew Tarquin the Proud (Etruscan King)

•Set up a republic

•509 B.C. – Romans overthrew Tarquin the Proud (Etruscan King)

•Set up a republic

The RepublicThe RepublicForm of

government where citizens choose

their rulers

Form of government where

citizens choose their rulers

However, not everyone had a say in the choiceHowever, not everyone had a say in the choice

•Patricians•Plebians

•Patricians•Plebians

PatriciansPatricians•Oldest and richest families

•Only ones who could hold office

•Only ones who performed certain rituals

•Oldest and richest families

•Only ones who could hold office

•Only ones who performed certain rituals

PlebiansPlebians•Poorer citizens: merchants, farmers, artisans

•Paid taxes•Served in army•Could not hold office•Could not marry patricians•Could be sold into slavery

•Poorer citizens: merchants, farmers, artisans

•Paid taxes•Served in army•Could not hold office•Could not marry patricians•Could be sold into slavery

ProvincialsProvincials•Inhabitants of Roman Empire (conquered territories)

•Some moved to Italian peninsula

•Not a Roman citizen•Few rights•Heavily taxed

•Inhabitants of Roman Empire (conquered territories)

•Some moved to Italian peninsula

•Not a Roman citizen•Few rights•Heavily taxed

SlavesSlaves•Not citizens•Slaves grew as empire grew

•Racial and ethnic diversity•Could obtain freedom and citizenship

•Not citizens•Slaves grew as empire grew

•Racial and ethnic diversity•Could obtain freedom and citizenship

FreedmenFreedmen•Ex-slaves•Could be granted citizenship

•Children were Roman citizens

•Ex-slaves•Could be granted citizenship

•Children were Roman citizens

Organization of early Roman

Republic

Organization of early Roman

Republic

ConsulsConsuls•At the head was 2 consuls•Chosen yearly•Administrators and military leaders

•Had power to veto the acts of the other

•Both had to agree before laws could be passed

•At the head was 2 consuls•Chosen yearly•Administrators and military leaders

•Had power to veto the acts of the other

•Both had to agree before laws could be passed

The SenateThe Senate•Made up of 300 senators•Chosen for life•Handled daily problems of the

government•Advised consuls•Handled problems with other

countries•Proposed laws•Approved public contracts

•Made up of 300 senators•Chosen for life•Handled daily problems of the

government•Advised consuls•Handled problems with other

countries•Proposed laws•Approved public contracts

Government OfficialsGovernment Officials

•Judges•Assemblies•Tribunes

•Judges•Assemblies•Tribunes

Protected the rights of

plebians

Protected the rights of

plebians

Plebians were Part of Government

Plebians were Part of Government

•Belonged to assemblies

•Could declare war & settle on peace terms

•Belonged to assemblies

•Could declare war & settle on peace terms

Roman LawRoman Law•Not written until 450 B.C.•Laws were carved on 12 bronze tablets known as The Twelve Tables.

•Became foundation for future Roman law

•Not written until 450 B.C.•Laws were carved on 12 bronze tablets known as The Twelve Tables.

•Became foundation for future Roman law

ReformsReforms•Reforms will be made continuously

•Eventually tribunes will be elected

•By 250 B.C. no one could be sold into slavery because of debt

•Plebians will eventually hold office

•Reforms will be made continuously

•Eventually tribunes will be elected

•By 250 B.C. no one could be sold into slavery because of debt

•Plebians will eventually hold office