Chapter 14 Section 1
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Transcript of Chapter 14 Section 1
Categories of Biological Classification
Grade 10 BiologySpring 2011
Aristotle: grouped plants and animals according to their structural similarities ◦ More than 2000 years ago
Greeks and Romans: grouped plants and animals into basic categories such as oaks, dogs, horses ◦ Each unit of classification came to be called a
genus (Latin word for group)
Taxonomy: the science of naming and classifying organisms
Until mid 1700’s biologist named organisms by adding descriptive phases (in Latin!)◦ Honey bee had a 12-part scientific name
Carl Linnaeus: ambition was to catalog all known kinds of organisms, started a two-word Latin name for each species
Binomial Nomenclature: two-word system for naming organisms
Scientific Name: the unique two-part name for a species◦ First word is genus, second is species
Genus: taxonomic category containing similar species ◦ Organisms in a genus share important
characteristics
First letter of a genus name is always CAPATALIZED and the second first letter of the second word is always lowercase
Scientific names are italicized or underlined After first use of full scientific name, genus
can be abbreviated with single letter
Two Species of Oak
Common Name Genus Scientific Name Traits
Red Oak Quercus Quercus rubraQ. rubra
Lobed leaves; produces acorns approximately 25mm long
Willow Oak Quercus Quercus phellosQ. phellos
Unloabed leaves; produces acorns approximately 15mm long
Domain: contains kingdoms Kingdom: contains phyla Phylum: contains classes Classes: contains orders Order: contain families Family: contains genera Genus: contain species Species
Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Hymenoptera Family: Apidae Genus: Apis Species: Apis mellifera