CHAPTER 14 LESSON 1:THE PEOPLES OF NORTH AMERICA AND MESOAMERICAUnit 7: Mesoamerica

THE PEOPLES OF NORTH AMERICA

• What might have caused early peoples to move away from hunting and gathering and to start farming full-time?

• Looking at the map on page 327 –Which groups lived in/around Florida?

CITING EVIDENCE: COMPARE IROQUOIS MEN AND WOMEN

Roles of Men Roles of Women

Hunted Owned dwellings

Fought in wars Gathered plants

Served on the

Grand Council

Grew crops

Selected the clan

mother

Chose members of

the Grand Council

THE PEOPLES OF NORTH AMERICA

• According to legend, what tore apart the Iroquois people?

• What happened after Deganawida and Hiawatha preached of peace?

• Why was the buffalo so essential to the Plains Indians?

• Why do you think moveable shelters such as tepees were necessary?

THE MAYA – THE OLMEC

• The Olmec civilization arose around 1200 B.C.

• Known for colossal stone carvings.

• Olmec influence on later civilizations such as the Maya is also seen in their massive stone structures, their sacred ball game, and other features.

THE MAYA – PACAL THE GREAT

• Led the Maya city of Palenque for nearly 70 years.

• Mayan rulers were believed to be descendants of the gods.

• Pacal’s tomb, which he began construction on himself, is just one of his several architectural achievements.

THE AZTEC – MONTEZUMA I

• Ruled the Aztec kingdom from 1440-1469.

• Expanded Aztec territory.

• Aztec rulers were also believed to be descended from the gods.

THE CIVILIZATIONS OF MESOAMERICA HAD MANY DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES.

Agriculture Religion Architecture Calendar and

Writing

Olmec • Raised fields

• Drainage

canals

• Jaguar god

• Human

sacrifices

• Monumental

pyramids

• Astronomical

calendar

• Hieroglyphics

Zapotec • Slash-and-

burn farming

• Several gods

• Human

sacrifices

• Cities with

temples and

plazas

• Solar and

ritual

calendars

• hieroglyphics

THE CIVILIZATIONS OF MESOAMERICA HAD MANY DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES

Agriculture Religion ArchitectureCalendar and

Writing

Maya

• Slash-and-

burn farming

• Swamp

drainage

• Terracing

and irrigation

• Main god:

Itzamna

• Human

sacrifices

• Monumental

pyramids

• Ritual, and

solar

calendars

• hieroglyphics

Aztec

• Artificial

islands for

farming

• Many gods

• Worship of

Huitzilopochtli

• Human

sacrifices

• Tenochtitlan

– island city

with canals

and

causeways

• Ritual and

civil

calendars

• Written

language

WRAP UP QUESTIONS

• What is some evidence that rulers and religion were important in Maya life?

• How were the roles of men and women different in Aztec society?

• Why did the Aztec people practice human sacrifice?

CHAPTER 14 LESSON 2: EARLY SOUTH AMERICAN CIVILIZATIONS

Unit 7: Mesoamerica

THE NAZCA

• How do the structures and artifacts the Nazca left behind provide clues about their civilization?

EARLY SOUTH AMERICAN CIVILIZATIONS

• The Chavin civilization was a pre-Inca culture that developed in the Andes mountains about 1,500 years before the rise of the Inca

THE MOCHE

• About how many years did the Moche civilization flourish?

• About how long after the collapse of the Moche civilization did the Inca civilization arise?

DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES

Agriculture Religion Architecture Calendar and

Writing

Chavin • Potatoes,

peanuts, yams

• Gods with

human and

feline traits

• Platform

temples

• Adobe and

cut stone

• No calendar

system

• No written

language

Inca • Terracing

• Irrigation

• Drainage

canals

• Many gods

• Human

sacrifices

• Massive stone

structures

without mortar

• Nearly 25,000

miles of roads

• 12-month

calendar

• No written

language.

• Used “quipu” –

knotted strings

– to record

expenses and

trade.

THE INCA

• What was the role of women in Inca society?

• How was this similar/different from the role of women in Aztec society?

• What was Machu Picchu?

• Why is it difficult to determine the purpose of ancient sites such as Machu Picchu?

PRIMARY SOURCES PAGE 338-339READ AND ANSWER DBQ 1-5

Honors Homework: