Chapter 14 Human Heredity

What is a Chromosome? I. Human Chromosomes

-Thread like structure within the II. Human Genetic

nucleus that contains genetic III. Studying the Human Genome

information that is passed on

from one generation to another. I. Human Chromosomes

What Is a Karyotype? A. Karyotypes

-an image of your entire 1. Sex Chromosomes

chromosome. 2. Autosomal Chromosome

Homologous pairs

What is transmission? B. Transmission of Human Traits

What is autosomal? “What patterns of inheritance do human traits follow?”

Why is blood O more rare? 1. Dominant and Recessive Alleles

What is the difference of blood? 2. Codominant and Multiple Alleles-Antigen on the blood.Except O blood is rare.

3. Sex-linked Inheritance

4. X-Chromosome Inactivation

C. Human Pedigree

X II. Human Genetic Disorders

A. From Molecule To Phenotype

1. Disorders Caused by Individual Genes

A. Sickle Cell Disease

CUE WORDS or QUESTIONS NOTES WRITTEN

*Problem with red blood cells* (1 Allele Change)

B. Cystic Fibrosis

*The body cant take up nutrients, it affects your digestion therefore most

people with this disease are skinny* (3 Bases Codon Delation)

C. Hunting Ton’s Disease

*Your brain starts breaking down* (CGA Repeat themselves 10-120x)

*The more they repeat themselves the stronger the symptoms are*

2. Genetic Advantages

A. Malaria and Sickle Cell Disease

B. Typhoid and Cystic Fibroses

B. Chromosomal Disorders

1. Nondisjunction

“Not Coming Apart”

III. Studying the Human Genome

A. Manipulating DNA

1. Cutting DNA(Restriction Enzymes)

2. Separating DNA(Gel Electro Phoresis)

3. Reading DNA(PCR Poly Chain Reactions)

*Making more DNA than what you got*

X Figures 14.11 and 14.12

B. The Human Genome Project(1990)(Int. collaboration, com. In 2003)

*Goal was to find out all the human genes*

1. Sequencing and identifying genes

2. Comparing sequences(international hap map project)(began 2002)

3. Sharing data(bioinformatics)(gen bank project)

4. What we have learned

5. New questions?

6. What’s next?

SUMMARY

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