Chapter 13 The Family. Chapter Outline Defining the Family Family Functions: An International...
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Transcript of Chapter 13 The Family. Chapter Outline Defining the Family Family Functions: An International...
Chapter Outline
Defining the Family Family Functions: An International
Perspective Modernization and Romance Modernization and Kinship Modernization and Divorce Gender and Extramarital Sex Living Together The One-Parent Family Remarriage
Defining the Family
Standard definition of the family as a universal human institution:
A small kinship structured group with the key function of nurturant socialization of the newborn.
Variations in Family Life in Premodern SocietiesMen may have multiple wives 77
Newlyweds settle closer to groom’s family 69
Easy for a man to divorce his wife 75
Husbands and wives share the same “bed” 61
Couple has privacy when sleeping 28
Norm against sex during menstruation 82
Women are segregated during menstruation 34
Grooms are much older than their brides 70
Couples spend much leisure time together 27
Couples usually eat meals together 74
Men do no domestic chores 51
Nuclear family is typical 29
Average Household Sizein Preindustrial Societies
Nation YearNumber of Persons In Average Household
British North America 1689 5.85
England 1599 4.75
France 1778 5.05
Germany 1687 5.77
Italy 1629 4.50
Japan 1746 5.50
Poland 1720 5.40
Scotland 1779 5.25
Serbia 1733–1734 4.95
ModernizationAnd Divorce
2/3 of divorces occur between people who have children.
About 75% North American adults who divorce remarry.
Most people who get divorced report their marriage no longer provided emotional satisfaction.
Why Is Divorce Common?
Romance is a highly perishable commodity
The opportunities to get divorced have increased.
% of American Women Whose First Marriage Ended in Divorce
Divorced after:
5 years of marriage 15 years of marriage
All Women 20% 43%
Race/Ethnicity
Asian 10% 23%
Hispanic 17% 42%
White 20% 42%
African American
28% 55%
% of American Women Whose First Marriage Ended in Divorce
Divorced after:
5 years of marriage 15 years of marriage
All Women 20% 43%
Age at Marriage
Less than 18 29% 59%
18–19 24% 49%
20–24 17% 36%
25 and over 8% 35%
% of American Women Whose First Marriage Ended in Divorce
Divorced after:
5 years of marriage 15 years of marriage
All Women 20% 43%
Family Income
Low 31% 65%
Medium 19% 40%
High 13% 31%
% of American Women Whose First Marriage Ended in Divorce
Divorced after:
5 years of marriage 15 years of marriage
All Women 20% 43%Religion
Catholic 17% 37%
Conservative Protestant
18% 40%
Other (non-Christian)
17% 40%
Liberal Protestant 21% 44%
None 27% 56%
% of American Women Whose First Marriage Ended in Divorce
Divorced after:
5 years of marriage 15 years of marriage
All Women 20% 43%
Parents
Not divorced 17% 38%
Divorced 26% 52%
Have you had sex with someone other than your spouse while you were married?”
Men Women Total
Yes 25% 13% 19%
No 75 87 81
100 100 100
Explanation of Divorce Rates: Trent and Scott
Findings: Modernization causes a modest decrease in
divorce rates during the early stages, but as nations develop, the divorce rate climbs.
The divorce rate is higher where a larger proportion of women work outside the home.
Where women outnumber men, divorce is high despite the fact that marriage rates are lower.
Living Together
Study of American Couples: 51% of women who cohabitated with
their future spouse were divorced by the end of 15 years of marriage.
39% of women who had not cohabited with their spouse divorced within 15 years.
The One-parent Family
In 1960, 5% of all births in the U.S. were to unmarried women.
This has risen to 33%. In Iceland and Sweden, most births are to
unmarried women. In Greece and Japan, unwed births are rare. Most unwed mothers keep their children and
in 90% of divorces, children remain with the mother.
Effect of One Parent Families on Children
Studies suggest children in one-parent families are more prone to delinquency but the differences are not great.
Research finds that poor parenting, regardless of the number of parents, is the primary cause of deviant behavior in children.
It isn’t how many parents a child has at home, but how effective they are as parents that is most important.
Unmarried Motherhood
Nation
Births to Unmarried
Mothers (%) Nation
Births to Unmarried
Mothers (%)
Iceland 65 Canada 26
Sweden 54 Netherlands 19
Norway 49 Germany 18
France 39 Spain 11
Great Britain 37 Italy 8
United States
33 Switzerland 8
Remarriage
Most people who divorce get remarried. Women are more likely to remarry if
they are less than 25 when they divorce.
77% without children remarried, while 70% with two or more children remarry.