Chapter 13 - Site Survey Fndamentals

8/6/2019 Chapter 13 - Site Survey Fndamentals

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ITNW 1351ITNW 1351

Chapter 6Chapter 6 Site SurveySite Survey

FundamentalsFundamentals

Site Survey AKA facilities analysisSite Survey AKA facilities analysis


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Concepts:Concepts:

Throughput needsThroughput needs

Power accessibilityPower accessibility

ExtendibilityExtendibilityApplication RequirementsApplication Requirements

Budget RequirementsBudget Requirements

Signal RangeSignal Range


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RF Site SurveysRF Site Surveys

A map to successfully implementing aA map to successfully implementing awireless networkwireless network

LAN installed according to the site surveyLAN installed according to the site surveyis significantly more likely towork properlyis significantly more likely towork properly

An RF site survey is the most importantAn RF site survey is the most importantstep in implementing any wireless networkstep in implementing any wireless network


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What is a site survey?What is a site survey?

A taskA task--by task process by which a surveyor discoversby task process by which a surveyor discoversRF behavior, coverage, interference, and determinesRF behavior, coverage, interference, and determinesproper hardware placement in a facilityproper hardware placement in a facilityPrimary objective is to ensure that mobile workersPrimary objective is to ensure that mobile workersexperience continually strong RF signal strength as theyexperience continually strong RF signal strength as they

move around their facilitymove around their facilityEmployees who are using the wireless LAN shouldEmployees who are using the wireless LAN shouldnever have to think about the wireless LANnever have to think about the wireless LAN

An attempt to define the contours of RF coverage fromAn attempt to define the contours of RF coverage froman RF source (AP or bridge) in a particular facilityan RF source (AP or bridge) in a particular facility

Provides detailed specifications addressing coverage,Provides detailed specifications addressing coverage,interference sources, equipment placement, powerinterference sources, equipment placement, powerconsiderations, and wiring requirementsconsiderations, and wiring requirements

Clients needsClients needs Dead spotsDead spots


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Preparing for a Site SurveyPreparing for a Site Survey

Involves collecting information and making decisionsInvolves collecting information and making decisions

The questions listed below prepare the server to goonThe questions listed below prepare the server to goonsitesite

Most can be answered via phone, fax, or emailMost can be answered via phone, fax, or email

You must know what the customer expects toYou must know what the customer expects toensure the survey meets their needsensure the survey meets their needs

Facilities analysisFacilities analysisWhat kind of facility is it?What kind of facility is it?

Consider numberof users, security requirements,Consider numberof users, security requirements,bandwidth requirements, budget, etcbandwidth requirements, budget, etc

Answers come from pictures, written descriptions,Answers come from pictures, written descriptions,or blue printsor blue prints

Are there any dead zones (elevators, etc.)Are there any dead zones (elevators, etc.)


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Is a network (wired orwireless) already inIs a network (wired orwireless) already inplace?place?

Will probably have towork with existingWill probably have towork with existinginfrastructureinfrastructure

OS or NOSOS or NOS

Users (today and in next two years)Users (today and in next two years)

Bandwidth per user requirementBandwidth per user requirement


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Protocols in use (wireless)Protocols in use (wireless)Channels and spread spectrumChannels and spread spectrum

technolo

gies currently in usetechnolo

gies currently in useSecurity measures in placeSecurity measures in place

Where are wired connection points?Where are wired connection points?

Is a naming convention in place forIs a naming convention in place forinfrastructure devices?infrastructure devices?

Topology mapTopology map


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Where are network wiring closets located?Where are network wiring closets located?

Has a naming convention for accessHas a naming convention for accesspoints and bridges been devised?points and bridges been devised?

Is the wireless LAN going to be usedIs the wireless LAN going to be usedindoors, outdoors, or both?indoors, outdoors, or both?

NEMANEMA--compliant enclosurescompliant enclosures

Antenna and outdoorwiring considerationsAntenna and outdoorwiring considerationsLocal weather conditions (ice loading, wind,Local weather conditions (ice loading, wind,rain)rain)


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Is a tower required?Is a tower required?

On roofOn roof

Is an engineer required?Is an engineer required?

Are permits necessary?Are permits necessary?

Towers >200 ft above ground levelTowers >200 ft above ground level

FCC requires FAS notificationFCC requires FAS notification


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Purpose and Business RequirementsPurpose and Business RequirementsAnalysisAnalysis What is the purpose of the wireless LAN?What is the purpose of the wireless LAN?

What are the business requirementsWhat are the business requirements

What is client going to dowith the wirelessWhat is client going to dowith the wirelessLAN and what applications are going to beLAN and what applications are going to beused?used?

The site surveyor needs a solidThe site surveyor needs a solidunderstanding of how the network willunderstanding of how the network willbe used and for what purposesbe used and for what purposes


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Bandwidth and Roaming Requirements AnalysisBandwidth and Roaming Requirements Analysis What are the bandwidth an roaming requirements?What are the bandwidth an roaming requirements?

Answer can determine the actual technology that will beAnswer can determine the actual technology that will beimplemented and the technology to use when doing the siteimplemented and the technology to use when doing the site

surveysurveyThe necessary speed, range, and throughput per user mustThe necessary speed, range, and throughput per user mustbe determinedbe determined

How many users are typically present in a givenHow many users are typically present in a givenarea?area?

For calculation of throughput required for each userFor calculation of throughput required for each userTo determine which technology (802.11a, 802.11b, etc.) toTo determine which technology (802.11a, 802.11b, etc.) touseuse

May need to interview usersMay need to interview users


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What type of applications will be used overWhat type of applications will be used overthe wireless LAN?the wireless LAN?

Used to transmit nonUsed to transmit non--realreal--time data onlytime data only

TimeTime--sensitive data (voice or video)sensitive data (voice or video)

ConnectionConnection--oriented applications need to maintainoriented applications need to maintainconnectivity while roamingconnectivity while roaming


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Are there any nontypical times whenAre there any nontypical times whennetwork needs may change for a particularnetwork needs may change for a particulararea?area?

More users on one shiftMore users on one shiftSeasonal changesSeasonal changes

Winter = trees with no leaves vs. summer = tree withWinter = trees with no leaves vs. summer = tree withleavesleaves

What mobility or roaming coverage isWhat mobility or roaming coverage isnecessary?necessary?May involve crossing router boundaries,May involve crossing router boundaries,maintaining virtual network connectivity, etc.maintaining virtual network connectivity, etc.


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Available ResourcesAvailable Resources

Projects budgetProjects budget

Time allotted f

or the pr

ojectTime all

otted f

or the pr

oject

Administrators trained on wireless LANsAdministrators trained on wireless LANs

Documentation of previous site surveys,Documentation of previous site surveys,current topology, facility maps, and currentcurrent topology, facility maps, and current

design plansdesign plans


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BlueprintsBlueprintsIf no, a diagram must be created that showsIf no, a diagram must be created that shows

dimension of the areas, the offices, where wallsdimension of the areas, the offices, where walls

are located, network closets, power outlets,are located, network closets, power outlets,etc.etc.

Is a facilities escort or security badgeIs a facilities escort or security badgerequired?required?

Is physical access towiring closets andIs physical access towiring closets andthe roof available if needed?the roof available if needed?


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Security RequirementSecurity Requirement

What level of network security is necessary?What level of network security is necessary?

WEP should not be the only wireless LAN securityWEP should not be the only wireless LAN securitymethod usedmethod used

What corporate policies are in place regardingWhat corporate policies are in place regardingwireless LAN security implementation andwireless LAN security implementation and

management?management?


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Preparation ChecklistPreparation Checklist

_____A meeting with the security officer_____A meeting with the security officer

_____Access to all areas of the facility to be_____Access to all areas of the facility to beaffected by the wireless LANaffected by the wireless LAN

_____Access towiring closets_____Access towiring closets

_____Access to the roof (ifoutdoor antennas are_____Access to the roof (ifoutdoor antennas are

anticipated)anticipated)

_____Future construction plans, if available_____Future construction plans, if available


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Site Survey EquipmentSite Survey Equipment

Access PointAccess Point With variable output powerWith variable output power

With external antenna connectorsWith external antenna connectors

OptionalOptional a DCa DC--toto--AC converterAC converterPCCard and UtilitiesPCCard and Utilities Most will come with site survey utility softwareMost will come with site survey utility software

Signal strength (measured in dBm)Signal strength (measured in dBm)

Noise floor (measured in dBm)Noise floor (measured in dBm)

SignalSignal--toto--noise ratio (SNR) (measured in dB)noise ratio (SNR) (measured in dB)

Link speedLink speed

Spectrum analyzer if availableSpectrum analyzer if available


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Laptops or PSAsLaptops or PSAs

To check for signal strength and coverageTo check for signal strength and coveragewhile roaming around the facilitywhile roaming around the facility

ScreenScreen--capture software is beneficialcapture software is beneficial

PaperPaper

To make hard copy documentationTo make hard copy documentation

Scratch pad, grid paper, and copies ofScratch pad, grid paper, and copies ofblueprints or floor plansblueprints or floor plans


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Outdoor SurveysOutdoor Surveys

Take more time and effort than indoor surveysTake more time and effort than indoor surveys

Obtain appropriate antennas, amplifiers,Obtain appropriate antennas, amplifiers,connectors, cabling, etc. before arriving onconnectors, cabling, etc. before arriving on

sitesite

Binoculars, walking shoes, rain gear, differentBinoculars, walking shoes, rain gear, different

lengths of cable, different types of connectors,lengths of cable, different types of connectors,and some method of communicating (walkieand some method of communicating (walkie--talkies or cell phones)talkies or cell phones)


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Spectrum AnalyzerSpectrum Analyzer

Two main typesTwo main types software and hardwaresoftware and hardware

Hardware types expensive $$$Hardware types expensive $$$

There is software capable of scanning the entireThere is software capable of scanning the entire2.4 GHz range and providing graphical results2.4 GHz range and providing graphical results

Results are good enoughResults are good enough

Have users turn off equipment to search forHave users turn off equipment to search for

background interferencebackground interferenceShould be able to locate 802.11a and 802.11bShould be able to locate 802.11a and 802.11bproducts being used in the areaproducts being used in the area


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Site Survey Kit ChecklistSite Survey Kit Checklist

_____Laptop or PDA_____Laptop or PDA

_____Wireless PC card with driver and utility_____Wireless PC card with driver and utilitysoftwaresoftware

_____Access points or bridges as needed (with_____Access points or bridges as needed (withbattery pack and DCbattery pack and DC--toto--DC converter isDC converter ispossible)possible)

_____Site survey utility software (on laptop or_____Site survey utility software (on laptop or

PDA)PDA)_____Clipboard, pen, pencils, etc._____Clipboard, pen, pencils, etc.

_____Blueprints and network diagrams_____Blueprints and network diagrams


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_____Indoor and outdoor antennas as_____Indoor and outdoor antennas asneededneeded

_____C

ables and connect

ors_____

Cables and c

onnect

ors

_____Binoculars and two_____Binoculars and two--waywaycommunication devicescommunication devices

_____Umbrella and/or rain suit_____Umbrella and/or rain suit

_____Specialized software or hardware_____Specialized software or hardware(e.g. spectrum analyzeror sniffer)(e.g. spectrum analyzeror sniffer)


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_____Tools, double_____Tools, double--sided tape, and othersided tape, and otheritems for temporary hardware mountingsitems for temporary hardware mountings

_____Equipment case_____Equipment case_____Digital camera_____Digital camera

_____Battery chargers_____Battery chargers

_____Variable attenuator_____Variable attenuator_____Measuring wheel and/or measuring_____Measuring wheel and/or measuring

tapestapes

Chapter 13 - Site Survey Fndamentals

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