Chapter 13 Section 4 The Great Strikes. Gulf between rich and poor 1890- 9% of Americans held 75% of...
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Transcript of Chapter 13 Section 4 The Great Strikes. Gulf between rich and poor 1890- 9% of Americans held 75% of...
![Page 1: Chapter 13 Section 4 The Great Strikes. Gulf between rich and poor 1890- 9% of Americans held 75% of national wealth Many resented extravagant lifestyles.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d135503460f949e6827/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 13 Section 4
The Great Strikes
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Gulf between rich and poor
• 1890- 9% of Americans held 75% of national wealth
• Many resented extravagant lifestyles of the very rich
• Many drawn to socialism
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Socialism
• Favors public (government) control of the means of production
• Believed society, not individuals, should take charge of the nation’s wealth
• Equal distribution of wealth
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Socialism
• Most American opposed Socialism
• Goes against free enterprise, private property, and individual liberty
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Rise of Labor Unions
• Emerged after the Civil War to help members through bad times
• Soon became the means for expressing workers’ demands to employers– Shorter work days,
higher wages, better working conditions
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Knights of Labor
• Formed in 1869• Organized all working
men and women, skilled and unskilled, into a single union
• Also recruited African Americans
• Sought equal pay for equal work, 8 hour work day, & end to child labor
![Page 7: Chapter 13 Section 4 The Great Strikes. Gulf between rich and poor 1890- 9% of Americans held 75% of national wealth Many resented extravagant lifestyles.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d135503460f949e6827/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Knights of Labor
• Membership eventually dropped when a series of strikes turned violent
• Gone by 1890s
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American Federation of Labor
• Formed in 1886• Led by Samuel Gompers• Craft Union (only for
skilled workers)• Women and African
Americans rarely recruited
• Focused mainly on wages, hours, and working conditions
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AFL Tactics
• Strikes• Boycotts• Collective bargaining-
workers negotiate as a group with employers– Has more power than a
single worker acting alone
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The Wobblies
• Many opposed the AFL• Broke away and formed
the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) or the Wobblies
• Focused on unskilled workers
• Radical group-included many socialists
• Many of their strikes turned violent
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Reaction of Employers
• Forbade union meetings• Fired union organizers• Forced new workers to
promise not to join unions• Refused to bargain
collectively• Refused to recognize
unions as the representatives of their workers
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Great Railroad Strike of 1877
• July 1877• Baltimore & Ohio RR cut
wages by 10%• Some workers went on
strike and tried to prevent others from working
• Turned violent• Riots broke out and
spread to several cities
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Great Railroad Strike of 1877
• President Hayes had to send in federal troops to restore order
• Violence continued between rioters and troops
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Debs and the American Railway Union
• Debs thought the violence of the 1877 strike was the result of disorganization
• Proposed creating an industrial union to unite all railroad workers, skilled and unskilled
• Soon created the American Railway Union