Chapter 13: RC & RL Circuits - Faculty Server...
Transcript of Chapter 13: RC & RL Circuits - Faculty Server...
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Learning with PurposeSlide 1
Learning with PurposeSlide 1
Chapter 13: RC & RL Circuits
Instructor: Jean-François MILLITHALER
http://faculty.uml.edu/JeanFrancois_Millithaler/FunElec/Spring2017
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Learning with PurposeSlide 2
Impedance & Admittance
Element Impedance Admittance
𝑅 𝐙 = 𝑅𝐘 =
1
𝑅
𝐿 𝐙 = 𝑗𝜔𝐿 𝐘 =1
𝑗𝜔𝐿
𝐶𝐙 =
1
𝑗𝜔𝐶
𝐘 = 𝑗𝜔𝐶
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Learning with PurposeSlide 3
Determine the source voltage and the phase angle.
Draw the impedance triangle.
𝑍 = 𝑅 +1
𝑗𝜔𝐶= 𝑅 − 𝑗
1
𝜔𝐶= 104 − 𝑗
1
2𝜋∗103∗10−8= 104 − 𝑗(15.9 ∗ 103)
𝑍 = 𝐴 + 𝑗𝐵 𝐴 = 10kΩ 𝐵 = 15.9kΩ
𝑍 = 𝐴2 + 𝐵2 = 18.8kΩ
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1−15.9 kΩ
10kΩ= 57.8°
𝑉𝑆 = 𝐼𝑍 = 0.2 ∗ 18.8 = 3.76 V
RC Circuit
I=0.2mA
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Learning with PurposeSlide 4
Phasor diagrams that have reactance phasors can only be
drawn for a single frequency because 𝑋𝐶 =1
𝜔𝐶is a function
of frequency.
As frequency changes,
the impedance triangle for
an RC circuit changes as
illustrated here because
XC decreases with increasing f.
This determines the frequency
response of RC circuits.
Variation of phase angle with frequency
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Learning with PurposeSlide 5
Frequency response
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Learning with PurposeSlide 6
Frequency response of the low-pass RC circuit
Frequency response
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Learning with PurposeSlide 7
Cutoff Frequency
𝑓𝐶 =1
2𝜋𝑅𝐶
Frequency response
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Learning with PurposeSlide 8
For a given frequency, a series RC circuit can be used to produce a phase lag by a specific amount between an input voltage and an output by taking the output across the capacitor. This circuit is also a basic low-pass filter, a circuit that passes low frequencies and rejects all others.
Applications
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Learning with PurposeSlide 9
Reversing the components in the previous circuit produces a circuit that is a basic lead network. This circuit is also a basic high-pass filter, a circuit that passes high frequencies and rejects all others. This filter passes high frequencies down to a frequency called the cutoff frequency.
Applications
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Learning with PurposeSlide 10
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Learning with PurposeSlide 11
The current is 200 mA. Determine the source voltage.
2𝜋𝑓𝐿 = 2𝜋 10 kHz 100 mH = 6.28 kΩ
The impedance is
𝑍 = (10 kΩ)2+(6.28 kΩ)2= 11.8 kΩ
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−16.28 kΩ
10 kΩ= 32.1°
Applying Ohm’s law yields
𝑉𝑆 = 𝐼𝑍 = 200 μA 11.8 kΩ = 2.36 V
RL Circuit
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Learning with PurposeSlide 12
Determine the source voltage and the phase angle
The source voltage is the phasor sum of VR and VL.
𝑉𝑆 = 𝑉𝑅2 + 𝑉𝐿
2 = 502 + 352 = 61 V
The phase angle between the resistor voltage and the source voltage is
𝜃 = tan−1𝑉𝐿
𝑉𝑅= tan−1
35
50= 35o
Phase Relationships of the Current and Voltages
Example
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Learning with PurposeSlide 13
𝑉𝑆 = 𝑉𝑅2 + 𝑉𝐿
2 𝜃 = tan−1𝑉𝐿𝑉𝑅
Phase Relationships of the Current and Voltages
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Learning with PurposeSlide 14
Phasor diagrams that have reactance phasors can only be drawn for a single frequency because X is a function of frequency.
As frequency changes, the impedance triangle for an RL circuit changes as illustrated here because 𝑗𝜔𝐿 increases with increasing f.
This determines the frequency response of RL circuits.
Variation of Impedance and Phase Angle with Frequency