CHAPTER 13 – GENETIC ENGINEERING TEST REVIEW

What type of organisms have been produced by selective breeding?

DOGS, CATS, HORSES

Selective breeding produces ____.

DESIRED TRAITS

What type of genetic technology is most likely to bring together two recessive alleles

for a genetic defect?

INBREEDING

The crossing of buffalo and cattle to produce beefalo is an example of ______.

HYBRIDIZATION

What is the ultimate source of genetic variability?

MUTATIONS

Polyploidy instantly results in a new plant species because it ___.

1. CHANGES A SPECIES’ CHROMOSOME NUMBER

2. PRODUCES A HARDIER SPECIES.

3. CAUSES MUTATIONS

One function of gel electrophoresis is to ___.

SEPARATE DNA FRAGMENTS

The process of making changes in the DNA code of a living organism is called ___

GENETIC ENGINEERING

Knowing the sequence of an organism’s DNA allows researchers to ____.

STUDY SPECIFIC GENES

What kind of technique do scientists use to make transgenic organisms?

GENETIC ENGINEERING

What is an advantage of using transgenic bacteria to produce human proteins?

CAN PRODUCE HUMAN PROTEINS IN LARGE

AMOUNTS

What has been an advantage of producing transgenic plants?

INCREASING THE FOOD SUPPLY

The Scottish scientist Ian Wilmut cloned a______.

SHEEP

What does Figure 13–1 show?

Figure 13-1

RESTRICTION ENZYME PRODUCING DNA FRAGMENT

In Figure 13–1, between which nucleotides is the DNA cut?

Figure 13-1

ADENINE & GUANINE

People have used ______ to produce many different dog breeds.

SELECTIVE BREEDING

Without selective breeding, dogs today would probably be _____

similar.

LESS

Hybrids are often _____than either of their parents.

HARDIER

Animal breeders maintain cat and dog breeds by the process of

___________.

SELECTIVE BREEDING

A polyploid plant has more than two copies of each _____.

GENE

To transform a plant, scientists inject DNA into _____.

CELL

To produce a recombinant plasmid, the plasmid and the foreign DNA are cut with ________ restriction

enzyme.

THE SAME

Scientists use ________to determine which animal cells have

been successfully transformed.

GENETIC MARKERS

Bacterial cells that have been transformed with a plasmid that carries a genetic marker for resistance to the

antibiotic tetracycline _______ survive in a culture treated with tetracycline.

WILL

To produce Dolly, Ian Wilmut removed the nucleus from a sheep’s _____ cell

and fused it with a cell taken from another adult.

EGG CELL

Humans use selective breeding to pass desired ____ on to the next generation

of organisms.

TRAITS

____ is the technique of selective breeding that has led to deformities in

certain dog breeds.

INBREEDING

To produce a fruit that has some characteristics of an orange and some

of a grapefruit, you would use the selective breeding technique of ____.

HYBRIDIZATION

Eliminating an undesirable trait from a dog breed would probably require the technique of selective breeding called

___.

HYBRIDIZATION

Scientists use radiation and chemicals to induce______.

MUTATIONS

The mutations that breeders induce in organisms are passed on to the

organisms’ ___.

OFFSPRING

A DNA sample will form a single band on an electrophoresis gel if all

the fragments are the same _______.

LENGTH

The process of polymerase chain reaction is similar to the process of

____, which occurs in cells.

MITOSIS

Some plasmids have genetic markers that make them resistant to

_____.

ANTIBIOTICS

Dolly is not a transgenic animal because all of her genes are from

the ___ kind of organism.

SAME

In Figure 13–2, what do the bands shown in B consist of?

Figure 13–2

DNA FRAGMENTS

Which group of bands in Figure 13–2 moved faster?

Figure 13–2

D

What is occurring in A in Figure 13–2?

Figure 13–2

DNA IS BEING PIPETTED INTO THE GEL BED

In Figure 13–2, why are the bands in B moving toward the positive

end of the gel?

Figure 13–2

DNA IS NEGATIVELY CHARGED

In what ways has selective breeding been useful to humans today and in the past?

BE ABLE TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION.

Explain an advantage and a disadvantage of inbreeding.

BE ABLE TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION.