Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in...

47
Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1) To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2) To learn the various units of pressure.

TAGS:

Transcript of Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in...

Page 1: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

Chapter 13Gases

13.1 PressureObjectives: 1) To learn about atmospheric pressure and

the way in which barometers work2) To learn the various units of pressure.

Page 2: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

13.1: Pressure

• Automobile tires, basketballs, balloons, and soda bottles.

• What happens to a balloon when you place it in a freezer?– Why?

Page 3: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

13.1 Pressure

• Evangelista Torricelli invented the – BAROMETER: device

to measure pressure

– At sea level the height of the column of mercury is 760 mm.

Pressure exerted by the atmospheric gaseson the surface of the mercury in the dishkeeps the mercury in the tube.

Page 4: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

13.1: Pressure

Weather:

-low pressure STORMS

-high pressure nice weather

Page 5: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

13.1: Pressure

Units of Pressure

-mm Hg= torr

Standard atmosphere (atm)1 std. atm.=1,000 atm=760.0mm Hg=760.0 torr

1 std. atm=101, 325 Pascal1.000 atm=14.69 psi

Page 6: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

Measuring pressure

Manometer

Atmospheric pressure-h

Atmospheric pressure + h

Page 7: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

13.1: Pressure

The height of mercury in a mercury barometer is measured to be 732 mm. Represent this pressure in atm, torr, and pascals.

The pressure of a gas is measured to be 2.79 x 105 Pa. Represent this pressure in atm, torr, and psi.

0.963 atm; 732 torr; 9.76 x 104 Pa

2.75 atm; 2.10 x 103 torr; 40.4 psi

Homework, Self-Check exercise 13.1

Page 8: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

13.2: Pressure and Volume: Boyle’s Law

• Objectives:

1) To understand the law that relates the pressure and volume of a gas.

2) To do calculations involving this law.

Page 9: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

Robert Boyle: Irish scientist-studied the relationshipbetween the pressure of the trapped gas and its volume

Page 10: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

P x V=const.

PV=k

Boyle’s Law

Inverselyproportional

Page 11: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

Figure 13.6: Illustration of Boyle’s law.

P1V1=P2V2

Page 12: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

13.2: Pressure and Volume: Boyle’s Law

• A sample of neon gas has a pressure of

7.43 atm in a container with a volume of 45.1 L. This sample is transferred to a container with a volume of 18.4 L. What is the new pressure of the neon gas?

Assume constant temperature.

18.2 atm

Page 13: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

13.2: Pressure and Volume: Boyle’s Law

• A steel tank of oxygen gas has a volume of 2.00L. If all of the oxygen is transferred to a new tank with a volume of 5.50 L, the pressure is measured to be 6.75 atm. What was the original pressure of the oxygen gas?

Assume constant temperature.

18.6 atm

Homework: 7-10 p. 435

Page 14: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

13.3: Volume and Temperature: Charles’s Law

• Objectives:

1) To learn about absolute zero.

2) To learn about the law relating the volume and temperature of a sample of gas at constant moles and pressure, and to do calculations involving that law.

Page 15: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

13.3: Volume and Temperature: Charles’s Law

• Objectives:

1) To learn about absolute zero.

2) To learn about the law relating the volume and temperature of a sample of gas at constant moles and pressure, and to do calculations involving that law.

Page 16: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

Jacques Charles(first solo H balloonflight)-showed that thevolume of a gas(at constant pressure)increases with the temperature.

Absolute zero:point where youget 0 volume-273oC

Page 17: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

13.3: Volume and Temperature: Charles’s Law

• Charles’s Law

V/T= constant

V1 = V2

T1 T2

Page 18: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

13.3: Volume and Temperature: Charles’s Law

• A 2.45 L sample of nitrogen gas is collected at 273 K and heated to 325K. Calculate the volume of the nitrogen gas at 325 K.

Assume constant pressure.

2.92 L

Page 19: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

13.3: Volume and Temperature: Charles’s Law

• A sample of methane gas is collected at 285 K and cooled to 245K. At 245 K the volume of the gas is 75.0 L. Calculate the volume of the methane gas at 285K.

Assume constant pressure.

87.2 L

Page 20: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

13.3: Volume and Temperature: Charles’s Law

• Consider a gas with a volume of 5.65 L at 27 C and 1 atm pressure. At what temperature will this gas have a volume of 6.69 L and 1 atm pressure.

82oC (355K)

Page 21: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

13.3: Volume and Temperature: Charles’s Law

• Consider a gas with a volume of 9.25L at 47oC and 1 atm pressure. At what temperature does this gas have a volume of 3.50 L and 1 atm pressure.

-152oC (121K)

Page 22: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

13.4: Volume and Moles: Avogadro’s Law

• Objective:

1) To understand the law relating the volume and the number of moles of a sample of gas at constant temperature and pressure, and to do calculations involving this law.

Page 23: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

Avogadro’s Law

V1 = V2

n1 n2

Page 24: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

13.4: Volume and Moles: Avogadro’s Law

If 2.55 mol of helium gas occupies a volume

of 59.5 L at a particular temperature and

pressure, what volume does 7.83 mol of helium occupy under the same conditions?

183 L

Page 25: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

13.4: Volume and Moles: Avogadro’s Law

If 4.35 g of neon gas occupies a volume of

15.0 L at a particular temperature and pressure, what volume does 2.00 g of neon gas occupy under the same conditions?

6.90 L

Page 26: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

13.6: Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures

Objectives: To understand the relationship between the partial and total pressures of a gas mixture, and to use this relationship in calculations.

Scuba divers: use helium and oxygen instead of air. Air contains nitrogen that dissolves in the blood as a result of high pressure. Nitrogen bubbles out and the diver gets the bends.

Page 27: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

13.6: Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures

John Dalton: For a mixture of gases in a container, the total pressure exerted is the sum of the partial pressures of the gases present.

Partial pressure: pressure that the gas would exert if it were alone in the container.

Dalton’s law of partial pressures:

Ptotal=P1 + P2 + P3

Page 28: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

Ptotal=ntotal (RT/V)

The pressure doesn’t depend on the forces amongst the particles.The volume of the individual gas particlesis not important.

Page 29: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

Figure 13.12: The production of oxygen by thermal decomposition.

Page 30: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

13.6: Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures

A sample of solid potassium chlorate KClO3, was heated in a test tube and decomposed according to the reaction

2KClO3(s) 2KCl(s) + 3O2

The oxygen produced was collected by displacement of water at 22oC. The resulting mixture of O2 and H2O vapor had a total pressure of 754 torr and a volume of 0.650L. Calculate the partial pressure of O2 in the gas collected and the number of moles of O2 present. The vapor pressure of water at 22oC is 21 torr.

Page 31: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

13.6: Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures

Ptotal=PO2 + PH2O

754=PO2 + 21

PO2= 733 torr

nO2 =PO2V 733/760=0.964 atm RTnO2= (0.964 atm)(0.650L)

(0.08206) (295)

Page 32: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

13.6: Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures

A 5.00 g sample of helium gas is added to a 5.00 g sample of neon in a 2.50 L container at 27oC. Calculate the partial pressure of each gas and the total pressure.

12.3 atm He; 2.44 atm Ne; 14.7 atm total

Page 33: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

13.6: Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures

A sample of oxygen gas is saturated with water vapor at 30.0oC. The total pressure is 753 torr and the vapor pressure of water at 30.0 C is 31.824 torr. What is the partial pressure of the oxygen gas in atm?

0.949 atmHomework: 23-30 and 33-36

Page 34: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

13.6: Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures

A sample of oxygen gas is saturated with water vapor at 27oC. The total pressure is 785 torr and the partial pressure of oxygen is 758.3 torr. What is the vapor pressure of water at 27oC?

26.7 torr

Page 35: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

13.8: The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases

Objectives: To understand the basic postulates of the kinetic molecular theory

Page 36: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

Postulates of KMT.

Page 37: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

13.9: The Implications of the Kinetic Molecular Theory

Objectives: To understand the term temperature.

To learn how the kinetic molecular theory explains the gas laws.

Page 38: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

13.9: The Implications of the Kinetic Molecular Theory

The temperature of a gas: how rapidly, its individual particles are moving.

High temperatures: move very fast.

Low temperatures: move slower.

Page 39: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

As the gas is heated to a higher temperature, the particles move faster, hitting the walls more often.

Pressure increases with increasing temperature

Page 40: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

13.10: Real Gases

Objectives: To describe the properties of real gases.

Page 41: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

As real gases are compressed into smaller and smaller volumes, the particles of the gas begin to occupy a significant fraction of the available volume..

Start to attract to eachother here PV=nRT not true

Page 42: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

13.11:Gas Stoichiometry

Objectives:

1) To understand the molar volume of an ideal gas.

2) To learn the definition of STP

3) To use these concepts and the ideal gas equation.

Page 43: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

13.11:Gas Stoichiometry

For 1 mol of an ideal gas at 0oC (273K) and 1 atm, the volume will be.

V=nRT/P= (1.00mol)(0.08206)(273) = 22.4L

1 atm.

22.4 L is called the molar volume

Standard temperature and pressure (abbreviated STP). Contains 1 mol of an ideal gas at STP.

Page 44: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

13.11:Gas Stoichiometry

A sample of argon gas has a volume of 3.45 L at STP. What is the mass of the argon?

6.15 g

Page 45: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

13.11:Gas Stoichiometry

A sample of hydrogen gas occupies a volume of 15.0L at STP. What volume will this sample occupy at 22oC and 2.50 atm?

6.48 L

Page 46: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

13.11:Gas Stoichiometry

When magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid, hydrogen gas is produced:

Mg(s) + 2HCl MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)

Calculate the volume of hydrogen gas produced at STP by reacting 5.00 g Mg and an excess of HCl (aq)

4.61 L

Page 47: Chapter 13 Gases 13.1 Pressure Objectives: 1)To learn about atmospheric pressure and the way in which barometers work 2)To learn the various units of pressure.

13.11:Gas Stoichiometry

When subjected to an electric current, water decomposes to hydrogen and oxygen gas: 2H2O(l) 2H2(g) + O2(g)

If 25.0g of water is decomposed, what volume of oxygen gas is produced at STP?

15.5 L


Barometers Instrument that measures atmospheric pressure Two types Mercury barometer Anenoid barometer (digital)

Barometers Instrument that measures atmospheric pressure Two types Mercury barometer Anenoid barometer (digital)

PRESSURE WASHER OPERATION MANUAL - The Home …€¦ · PRESSURE WASHER OPERATION MANUAL ... Learn more about your pressure washer, ... If the product is not equipped and will be

PRESSURE WASHER OPERATION MANUAL - The Home …€¦ · PRESSURE WASHER OPERATION MANUAL ... Learn more about your pressure washer, ... If the product is not equipped and will be

Error propagation for barometers: 2. Application to rocks Marrnrw J ...

Error propagation for barometers: 2. Application to rocks Marrnrw J ...

Are Commodity Futures Prices Barometers of the Global Economy?wxiong.mycpanel.princeton.edu/papers/Barometer.pdf · 2018-04-20 · Are Commodity Futures Prices Barometers of the Global

Are Commodity Futures Prices Barometers of the Global Economy?wxiong.mycpanel.princeton.edu/papers/Barometer.pdf · 2018-04-20 · Are Commodity Futures Prices Barometers of the Global

Digital Barometers - MicroStep-MIS

Digital Barometers - MicroStep-MIS

To learn about atmospheric pressure and how barometers work To learn the units of pressure

To learn about atmospheric pressure and how barometers work To learn the units of pressure

LEARN WHY THE PRESSURE IS ON TO DIAGNOSE CKD

LEARN WHY THE PRESSURE IS ON TO DIAGNOSE CKD

PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS AND BAROMETERS...Transducers with a Smart Sensor Design Honeywell combines nearly fifty years of experience in world leading, silicon piezoresistive pressure sensors

PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS AND BAROMETERS...Transducers with a Smart Sensor Design Honeywell combines nearly fifty years of experience in world leading, silicon piezoresistive pressure sensors

and Thriving Under Pressure - · PDF fileManaging Emotions and Thriving Under Pressure Learn how to stay cool, calm and unflappable— no matter how much pressure you’re under In

and Thriving Under Pressure - · PDF fileManaging Emotions and Thriving Under Pressure Learn how to stay cool, calm and unflappable— no matter how much pressure you’re under In

Sensitive Barometers of Galaxy Formation

Sensitive Barometers of Galaxy Formation

Are Commodity Futures Prices Barometers of the Global Economy?

Are Commodity Futures Prices Barometers of the Global Economy?

PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS AND BAROMETERS - …/media/aerospace/files/... · Honeywell’s Precision Pressure Transducers and Barometers are known for their ... Meteorology, Flow and Pressure

PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS AND BAROMETERS - …/media/aerospace/files/... · Honeywell’s Precision Pressure Transducers and Barometers are known for their ... Meteorology, Flow and Pressure

Pressure Transducers and Barometers - Honeywell with an isolation diaphragm, ... Honeywell’s Precision Pressure Transducers and Barometers are among the most accurate, ... (MEMS)

Pressure Transducers and Barometers - Honeywell with an isolation diaphragm, ... Honeywell’s Precision Pressure Transducers and Barometers are among the most accurate, ... (MEMS)

IT PAYS TO LEARN THE 3-R's OF HIGH-PRESSURE

IT PAYS TO LEARN THE 3-R's OF HIGH-PRESSURE

Air Pressure. Learning Objectives Identify some properties of air. Describe how barometers can be used to measure air pressure. Explain how altitude.

Air Pressure. Learning Objectives Identify some properties of air. Describe how barometers can be used to measure air pressure. Explain how altitude.

Quartz Clocks Tide Instruments Barometers · barometer’s reading and how much and how fast it rises or falls. Rising pressure signals improving weather; falling pressure indicates

Quartz Clocks Tide Instruments Barometers · barometer’s reading and how much and how fast it rises or falls. Rising pressure signals improving weather; falling pressure indicates

OPERATIONS – SEAFARER CERTIFICATION GUIDANCE NOTE SA ...marineengineering.co.za/education/sa-shipping/coc-information/sam… · Pressure measurement, barometers, manometers: - U-tube,

OPERATIONS – SEAFARER CERTIFICATION GUIDANCE NOTE SA ...marineengineering.co.za/education/sa-shipping/coc-information/sam… · Pressure measurement, barometers, manometers: - U-tube,

Mercury barometers and manometers FunctionsandActivities ThefunctionsoftheNationalBureauofStandardsaresetforthintheActofCongress,March 3,1901,asamendedbyCongressinPublicLaw619,1950.Theseincludethedevelopmentand

Mercury barometers and manometers FunctionsandActivities ThefunctionsoftheNationalBureauofStandardsaresetforthintheActofCongress,March 3,1901,asamendedbyCongressinPublicLaw619,1950.Theseincludethedevelopmentand

Chapter 11 Gas Laws. Objectives Describe the properties of gases Describe the Kinetic Molecular Theory, Ideal Gases Explain air pressure and barometers.

Chapter 11 Gas Laws. Objectives Describe the properties of gases Describe the Kinetic Molecular Theory, Ideal Gases Explain air pressure and barometers.

Bad blood, spoiled milk: bodily fluids as moral barometers in rural Haiti

Bad blood, spoiled milk: bodily fluids as moral barometers in rural Haiti