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IT came as early as 4th B.C. Shreni or guild system & co-operative sector

Wages according to quantity &quality of work

Punishment was also used

Active participation of government in runningpvt. &public business

Well enunciated procedures to regulateemployer- employee relationship

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BRAHMINS- those involved with teaching,sacrifice, state management

Kshatriyas- specialised in fighting

Vaishyas- engaged in trade, business, agriculture

Shudras- engaged in manual workJUSTICE & EQUITY marked the relationship

between EMPLOYER & EMPLOYEE (14th cen B.C.to 10th cen A.D.)

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Lots of foreign aggressionsRevival of business during mughal period

Karkhanas came up in Agra, Delhi , lahore ,

AhmedabadPoor condition of labour due to- low wages ,

climatic conditions, poor physique

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Laissez- faire policy in the beginningPlantation act 1863 for indigo & tea

plantations

Factory act 1881- 1 off a week,inspections, 11 hours for womenworkers, minimum age for children 7 &

working hours 7 during the day only.

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Workmens Compensation Act,1923The industrial disputes act 1947

Factories act 1948 welfare officer on

500 or more workersMinimum Wages Act, 1948

Employees State Insurance,1948

The EPF and Miscellaneous provisionsact, 1952

Mines act 1952

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Bombay mill hands associationPrinters union, Calcutta-1905Postal union, Bombay -1907Madras labour union 1918Abolition of indentured labour system-

1922

Central labour board 1922 (to federateunions in Bombay)

All India trade union congress - 1922

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DEFINITION- SYDNEY & BEATRICE WEBBA CONTINUOUS ASSOCIATION OF WAGEEARNERS FOR THE PURPOSE OFMAINTAINING OR IMPROVING THE

CONDITIONS OF THEIR WORKING LIVES.Acc. to the TRADE UNIONS ACT, 1926, ATRADE UNION AIMS TO PROTECT AND

PROMOTE THE INTERESTS OF THEWORKSERS AND THE CONDITIONS OF

THEIR EMPLOYMENT.

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INTRA MURAL ( MILITANTFUNCTIONS)WAGE RISES, PROPER WORKINGCONDITIONS, ETC.

EXTRA MURAL WELFARE OF THEIRMEMBERS

POLITICAL FUNCTIONS LEGISLATIVE&ADMINISTRATIVE MEASURES

SOCIAL FUNCTIONS DISCHARGINGSOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES(EDUCATING THECUSTOMER).

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ORGANISING DRIVE- Forming aunion where none exists

COLLECTIVE BARGAINING-

negotiations between the aggrieved

workers and the managementSTRIKE Suspension of production,

cuts the creation of profits, etc

POLITICAL Political patronage ofnational parties

BLACKMAILING At some critical

point of time.

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IT LEGALISED THE FORMATION OF TRADEUNIONS BY PROVIDING THE RIGHT TO FORM &ORGANISE UNIONS

IT PROVIDES THE GUIDELINES FOR THE

REGISTERATION OF TRADE UNIONSCANCELLATION OF REGISTERATION

RIGHTS & LIABILITIES OF REGISTERED TRADEUNIONS

DISQUALIFICATION OF OFFICE BEARER

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FEDERATION OF INDIAN CHAMBERS OFCOMMERCE AND INDUSTRY(FICCI)

COUNCIL OF INDIAN EMPLOYERS(CIA)

ASSOCIATED CHAMBER OF COMMERCEAND INDUSTRY OF INDIA(ASSOCHAM)

ALL INDIA MANUFACTURERS

ORGANISATION (AIMO),ETC.