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Ch. 12

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Occupational Development

Advancement in occupation depends on

Expectations

Support from coworkers

Priorities

Job satisfaction

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Occupational Expectations

Several major life tasks for adults

Developing a dream

Cause for changing the dream

Changing interests

failure

Reality shock for young adults

Leaving school and learning about the realworld

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Alienation and Burnout

Alienation

the feeling that what a worker is doing ismeaningless

no relationship between what they do andthe end product

Cynicism

the factor most related to alienation

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Work-Family Conflict(Cont)

Women often cope successfully withcareers and family and the stressinvolved

The number of children, not ages, issignificant factor in success

Highest level of stress during peak parenting years when are at

least two preschool children in the home

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Work-Family Conflict(Cont)

Dual-earner couples

have difficulty finding time for each other

Quality more important than quantity oftime

Work and parenting-related burnout ismore likely to affect women

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Ch. 13

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Changes in Bones and Joints(Cont)

Osteoarthritis Deterioration of the bones under the

cartilage

Rheumatoid arthritis a destructive disease of the joints causing

pain

During middle age, adults may begintaking anti-inflammatory medicationsand either steroidal or non-steroidaldrugs

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Reproductive Changes in Men

A decline in sperm count of about 30%

The prostate gland enlarges withincreasing age in men and may blockthe urinary tract

Testosterone gradually declines aftermid-20s

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Exercise

Exercise slows the aging processAerobic exercise improves the functioning

of the cardiovascular system

Younger adults tend to exercise to improvephysical appearance

older adults are more concerned withphysical and psychological health

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Practical Intelligence

Traditional methods of measuringintelligence do not reflect real-worldsituations

Practical intelligence The broad range of skills related to how

individuals adapt to their physical andsocial environments

People are not as motivated to solveproblems that do not have practicalsolutions

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Lifelong Learning

Techonology Learning how to learn

Need for lifelong learning linked to

number of middle-aged studentsenrolled in college

Annual continuing education

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Stability is the Rule: The Five-Factor Model

Costa and McCrae described personalityin adulthood using five dimensions

Neuroticism: the extent of anxiousness, hostility, self-

consciousness, impulsivity

Extraversion:

the degree of thriving on social interaction

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Stability is the Rule: The Five-Factor Model(Cont)

Openness to experience: a vivid imagination and dream life, appreciation of

art, and desire to try anything

Agreeableness: being accepting, willing to work with others, and

caring

Conscientiousness: being hard-working, ambitious, energetic,

persevering

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Whats the Evidence for TraitStability?

Personality traits are relatively stableover 6- 12- and even 30-year spans

Does not address all features ofpersonality

May not examine factors that are most

responsive to environmental andcultural factors

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Changing Priorities in Midlife

Generativity vs Stagnation desire to be productive by shaping the next

generation

Being generative helps an individual to derive meaning from

their priorities

continues to shape the persons identity

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Family Dynamics and MiddleAge

Kinkeeper

person who accepts the responsibility forgathering family together for celebrations

and keeping them in touch

Women in middle-age often serves

Sandwich generation

Middle-age is often called because they areoften caught between caring for parentsand children

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Letting Go: Middle-Aged

Adults & Their Children Becoming Friends and the Empty Nest

Relationships become more positive betweenparents and children

Parents experience the exodus of theirchildren from the home

Much of the success of these transitions is

predicated on the approval andencouragement parents show for theirchildrens attempts at autonomy

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Giving Back: Middle-Aged Adults andTheir Aging Parents

Caring for Aging Parents

Daughters are 3 times more likely to provide

care than sons Parents may move in with their middle-aged

children after decades of independent living,creating adjustment problems for both

Most adult children feel responsibility or afilial obligation to care for parents

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Being a Grandparent isMeaningful

centrality -most important thing in their lives

valued elder- a time of providing wisdom andindulgence

reinvolvement with personal past -

interaction helps to recall relationship with owngrandparents

immortality through clan - pride fromknowing they will be followed by at least twogenerations