CHAPTER 12 SGA
-
Upload
michael-martin -
Category
Education
-
view
316 -
download
1
Transcript of CHAPTER 12 SGA
![Page 1: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Lecture #11Lecture #11
AntebellumRevivalism
&Reform
AntebellumRevivalism
&Reform
![Page 2: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
1. The Second GreatAwakening
1. The Second GreatAwakening
“Spiritual Reform From Within”
[Religious Revivalism]
Social Reforms & Redefining the Ideal of Equality
Temperance
Asylum &Penal
Reform
Education
Women’s Rights
Abolitionism
![Page 3: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
In France, I had almost always seen the spirit of religion and the spirit of freedom pursuing courses diametrically opposed to each other; but in America, I found that they were intimately united, and that they reigned in common over the same country… Religion was the foremost of the political institutions of the United States.
-- Alexis de Tocqueville, 1832
The Rise of Popular ReligionThe Rise of Popular Religion
R1-1
![Page 4: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
“The Pursuit of Perfection”
In Antebellum America
“The Pursuit of Perfection”
In Antebellum America
![Page 5: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
“The Benevolent Empire”:1825 - 1846
“The Benevolent Empire”:1825 - 1846
![Page 6: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The “Burned-Over” Districtin Upstate New York
The “Burned-Over” Districtin Upstate New York
![Page 7: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Second Great AwakeningRevival Meeting
Second Great AwakeningRevival Meeting
![Page 8: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The ranges of tents, the fires, reflecting light…; the candles and lamps illuminating the encampment; hundreds moving to and fro…;the preaching, praying, singing, and shouting,… like the sound of many waters, was enough to swallow up all the powers of contemplation.
Charles G. Finney
(1792 – 1895)
Charles G. Finney
(1792 – 1895)
“soul-shaking”
conversionR1-2
![Page 9: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The Mormons(The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day
Saints)
The Mormons(The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day
Saints)
Joseph Smith (1805-1844)
1823 Golden Tablets
1830 Book of Mormon
1844 Murdered in Carthage, IL
![Page 10: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Violence Against MormonsViolence Against Mormons
![Page 11: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The Mormon “Trek”The Mormon “Trek”
![Page 12: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The Mormons(The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day
Saints)
The Mormons(The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day
Saints)
Deseret community.
Salt Lake City, Utah
Brigham Young(1801-1877)
![Page 13: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Mother Ann Lee (1736-1784)Mother Ann Lee (1736-1784)
If you will take up your crosses against the works of generations, and follow Christ in theregeneration, God will cleanse you from allunrighteousness.
Remember the cries of those who are in need and trouble, that when you are in trouble, God may hear your cries.
If you improve in one talent, God will give you more.
The Shakers
R1-4
![Page 14: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Shaker MeetingShaker Meeting
![Page 15: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Shaker HymnShaker Hymn
'Tis the gift to be simple, 'Tis the gift to be free,'Tis the gift to come down where you ought to be,And when we find ourselves in the place just right,'Twill be in the valley of love and delight.
When true simplicity is gainedTo bow and to bend we shan't be ashamed,To turn, turn will be our delight,'Till by turning, turning we come round right.
![Page 16: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Shaker Simplicity & Utility
Shaker Simplicity & Utility
![Page 17: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
2. Transcendentalism(European Romanticism)
2. Transcendentalism(European Romanticism)
Liberation from understanding and the cultivation of reasoning.”
“Transcend” the limits of intellect and allow the emotions, the SOUL, to create an original relationship with the Universe.
![Page 18: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Transcendentalist ThinkingTranscendentalist Thinking Man must acknowledge a body of
moral truths that were intuitive and must TRANSCEND more sensational proof:
1. The infinite benevolence of God.
2. The infinite benevolence of nature.
3. The divinity of man.
They instinctively rejected all secular authority and the authority of organized churches and the Scriptures, of law, or of conventions
![Page 19: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Transcendentalism(European Romanticism)
Transcendentalism(European Romanticism)
Therefore, if man was divine, it would be wicked that he should be held in slavery, or his soul corrupted by superstition, or his mind clouded by ignorance!!
Thus, the role of the reformer was to restore man to that divinity which God had endowed them.
![Page 20: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Transcendentalist Intellectuals/Writers
Concord, MA
Transcendentalist Intellectuals/Writers
Concord, MA
Ralph WaldoEmerson
Ralph WaldoEmerson
Henry DavidThoreau
Henry DavidThoreau
Nature(1832) Walden
(1854)
Resistance to Civil
Disobedience(1849)
Self-Reliance (1841)
“The American Scholar”
(1837) R3-1/3/4/5
![Page 21: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The Transcendentalist AgendaThe Transcendentalist Agenda Give freedom to the slave.
Give well-being to the poor and the miserable.
Give learning to the ignorant.
Give health to the sick.
Give peace and justice to society.
![Page 22: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Their pursuit of the ideal led to a distorted view of humannature and possibilities: * The Blithedale Romance
A Transcendentalist Critic:Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-
1864)
A Transcendentalist Critic:Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-
1864)
One should accept the world as an imperfect place: * Scarlet Letter * House of the Seven Gables
![Page 23: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
3. Utopian Communities3. Utopian
Communities
![Page 24: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The Oneida CommunityNew York, 1848
The Oneida CommunityNew York, 1848
John Humphrey Noyes(1811-1886)
Millenarianism --> the 2nd
coming of Christ had already occurred. Humans were no longer obliged to follow the moral rules of the past.• all residents
married to each other.• carefully regulated “free love.”
![Page 25: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Secular Utopian Communities
Secular Utopian Communities
IndividualFreedom
Demands ofCommunity Life
spontaneity
self-fulfillment
discipline
organizationalhierarchy
![Page 26: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Brook FarmWest Roxbury, MA
George Ripley (1802-1880)
George Ripley (1802-1880)
![Page 27: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Robert Owen (1771-1858)
Robert Owen (1771-1858)
Utopian Socialist
“Village of Cooperation”
![Page 28: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Original Plans for New Harmony, IN
Original Plans for New Harmony, IN
New Harmony in 1832
![Page 29: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
New Harmony, IN
New Harmony, IN
![Page 30: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
4. Penitentiary Reform4. Penitentiary Reform
Dorothea Dix(1802-1887)
1821 first penitentiary foundedin Auburn, NY
R1-5/7
![Page 31: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Dorothea Dix Asylum - 1849
Dorothea Dix Asylum - 1849
![Page 32: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
5. Temperance Movement5. Temperance Movement
Frances WillardThe Beecher Family
1826 - American Temperance Society
“Demon Rum”!
R1-6
![Page 33: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Annual Consumption of Alcohol
Annual Consumption of Alcohol
![Page 34: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
“The Drunkard’s Progress”
“The Drunkard’s Progress”
From the first glass to the grave, 1846
![Page 35: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
6. Social Reform Prostitution
The “Fallen Woman”
6. Social Reform Prostitution
The “Fallen Woman”Sarah Ingraham
(1802-1887)
1835 Advocate of Moral Reform
Female Moral Reform Society focusedon the “Johns” & pimps, not the girls.
R2-1
![Page 36: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
7. Educational Reform7. Educational Reform
Religious Training Secular Education
MA always on the forefront of public educational reform * 1st state to establish tax support for local public schools.
By 1860 every state offered free public education to whites. * US had one of the highest literacy rates.
![Page 37: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
“Father of American Education”
Horace Mann (1796-1859)
Horace Mann (1796-1859)
children were clay in the hands of teachers and school officials children should be “molded” into a state of perfection discouraged corporal punishment established state teacher- training programs
R3-6
![Page 38: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
The McGuffey Eclectic Readers
The McGuffey Eclectic Readers
Used religious parables to teach “American values.” Teach middle class morality and respect for order. Teach “3 Rs” + “Protestant ethic” (frugality, hard work, sobriety)
R3-8
![Page 39: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Women EducatorsWomen Educators Troy, NY Female Seminary curriculum: math, physics, history, geography. train female teachers
Emma Willard(1787-1870)
Mary Lyons(1797-1849)
1837 she established Mt. Holyoke [So. Hadley, MA] as the first college for women.
![Page 40: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
A Female SeminaryA Female Seminary
![Page 41: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
7. “Separate Spheres” Concept
7. “Separate Spheres” Concept“Cult of
Domesticity” A woman’s “sphere” was in the home (it was arefuge from the cruel world outside).
Her role was to “civilize” her husband andfamily.
An 1830s MA minister:The power of woman is her dependence. A woman who gives up that dependence on man to become a reformer yields the power God has given her for her protection, and her character becomes unnatural!
![Page 42: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Early 19c WomenEarly 19c Women1. Unable to vote.2. Legal status of a minor.3. Single could own her own
property.4. Married no control over
herproperty or her children.
5. Could not initiate divorce.6. Couldn’t make wills, sign a
contract, or bring suit in court without her husband’s permission.
![Page 43: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
What It Would Be Like If Ladies Had Their Own
Way!
What It Would Be Like If Ladies Had Their Own
Way!
R2-8
![Page 44: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Cult of Domesticity = Slavery
Cult of Domesticity = SlaveryThe 2nd Great Awakening inspired
women to improve society.
Angelina Grimké Sarah Grimké
Southern Abolitionists
Lucy Stone
American Women’sSuffrage Assoc.
edited Woman’s Journal
R2-9
![Page 45: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
8. Women’s Rights8. Women’s Rights1840 split in the abolitionist movement over women’s role in it.
London World Anti-Slavery Convention
Lucretia Mott Elizabeth Cady Stanton
1848 Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments
R2-6/7
![Page 46: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Seneca Falls DeclarationSeneca Falls Declaration
![Page 47: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
9. Abolitionist Movement
9. Abolitionist Movement 1816 American Colonization
Society created (gradual, voluntary emancipation.
British Colonization Society symbol
![Page 48: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Abolitionist MovementAbolitionist Movement
Create a free slave state in Liberia, WestAfrica.
No real anti-slavery sentiment in the North in the 1820s & 1830s.
Gradualists Immediatists
![Page 49: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Anti-Slavery AlphabetAnti-Slavery Alphabet
![Page 50: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
William Lloyd Garrison (1801-1879)
William Lloyd Garrison (1801-1879)
Slavery & Masonryundermined republicanvalues.
Immediate emancipation with NO compensation.
Slavery was a moral, notan economic issue. R2-4
![Page 51: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
The LiberatorThe Liberator
Premiere issue January 1, 1831
R2-5
![Page 52: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
The Tree of Slavery—Loaded with the Sum of All
Villanies!
The Tree of Slavery—Loaded with the Sum of All
Villanies!
![Page 53: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Other White AbolitionistsOther White Abolitionists
Lewis Tappan
Arthur Tappan
James Birney
Liberty Party. Ran for President
in 1840 & 1844.
![Page 54: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Black AbolitionistsBlack Abolitionists
David Walker(1785-1830)
1829 Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World
Fight for freedom rather than wait to be set free by whites.
![Page 55: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Frederick Douglass (1817-1895)
Frederick Douglass (1817-1895)
1845 The Narrative of the Life Of Frederick Douglass1847 “The North Star”
R2-12
![Page 56: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Sojourner Truth (1787-1883)
or Isabella Baumfree
Sojourner Truth (1787-1883)
or Isabella Baumfree
1850 The Narrative of Sojourner Truth R2-10
![Page 57: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Harriet Tubman(1820-1913)Harriet Tubman(1820-1913)
Helped over 300 slaves to freedom.
$40,000 bounty on her head.
Served as a Union spy during the Civil War.
“Moses”
![Page 58: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Leading Escaping Slaves Along the Underground
Railroad
Leading Escaping Slaves Along the Underground
Railroad
![Page 59: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
The Underground Railroad
The Underground Railroad
![Page 60: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
The Underground Railroad
The Underground Railroad “Conductor” ==== leader of the
escape
“Passengers” ==== escaping slaves
“Tracks” ==== routes
“Trains” ==== farm wagons transporting the escaping slaves
“Depots” ==== safe houses to rest/sleep
![Page 61: CHAPTER 12 SGA](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55b575aebb61eb9c2d8b46cd/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)