Chapter 12 Section 3. New Mexico – land between Texas and California territories Considered...
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Transcript of Chapter 12 Section 3. New Mexico – land between Texas and California territories Considered...
US HISTORYChapter 12Section 3
More Land
New Mexico – land between Texas and California territories Considered Spanish property Santa Fe – mission area set up by the Spanish Mexico inherited the territory when they won their
independence Mexico soon allowed American traders into Santa Fe
The Santa Fe Trail – the trail from Independence, Missouri to Santa Fe William Becknell – the first American trader to make the
trip Americans, idealized by Manifest Destiny, thought
New Mexico and the Spanish California should be American
The West Coast
The Spanish had colonized California with missions (over 21 of them by 1820) California – given to Mexico after independence 1833 – Mexican government abolished missions Ranchos – huge properties bought by settlers Rancheros – ranch owners Native Americans were forced to work as slaves in similar
conditions as in the Southern plantations John C. Fremont – wrote about the beauty and
resources of California Advantages = trade with Japan, access to the Pacific
Ocean, fertile land President Polk tried to buy New Mexico and California
from the Mexican government; they declined
Get the Land by War
How to get Mexico to attack first? Texas-Mexico border
US – Rio Grande Mexico- Nueces River
Polk sent John Slidell to offer $30 million to recognize the Rio Grande as the boundary and pay off war debt
General Zachary Taylor – sent to stop Mexico from claim more land than it deserved Mexican troops attacked Taylor troops Congress approved a declaration of war against Mexico
War? – Democrats wanted war with Mexico; Whigs opposed war Abraham Lincoln (Illinois congressman) and Frederick
Douglass opposed the war Newspapers supported the war, but anti-war sentiments grew
in the North
Polk’s Plan
Three-Part Plan: American troops would drive Mexican forces out of the disputed
area The United States would seize New Mexico and California American forces would capture Mexico City
Zachary Taylor accomplished the first goal Captured Matamoros and Monterrey After capturing Buena Vista, the border was secure
Stephen Watts Kearny – captured Santa Fe, New Mexico without firing a shot
Bear Flag Republic – small group captured Sonoma John C. Fremont and Kit Carson joined the Americans Californios – Mexicans who lived in California
Navy captured ports of Monterey, San Francisco, and San Diego
Polk’s Plan Part 2
With California conquered, the only part of the plan that was not accomplished was conquering Mexico City
Winfield Scott – charged to gain Mexico City Veracruz – conquered this port after 3 weeks and continued
marching to Mexico City Forced to fight armed citizens along the way, Scott eventually
conquered Mexico City Although the US lost 1,721 men to battle, 11,000 to
sickness, and $100 million, Mexico lost far more. And, Mexico lost half of its land
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo – Mexico gave up rights to Texas Mexican Cession – Mexico gave up California and New Mexico to
the United States Ceded - gave
1853 – Gadsden Purchase – the US paid $10 million for Arizona and New Mexico
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.
Checking for Understanding
__ 1. Mexican ranch owner
__ 2. huge properties for raising livestock set up by Mexican settlers in California
__ 3. to give up by treaty
__ 4. Mexicans who lived in California
A. rancho
B. ranchero
C. Californios
D. cede
Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.
B
A
D
C