Chapter 12 Section 2. Key Terms Pastroralists Clan Genghis Khan Pax Mongolica.
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Transcript of Chapter 12 Section 2. Key Terms Pastroralists Clan Genghis Khan Pax Mongolica.
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Chapter 12Section 2
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Key Terms
Pastroralists Clan Genghis Khan Pax Mongolica
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Nomads and the Asia Steppe
Two Eurasia steppes
Land trade route connector
Home to nomadic people Plunder Loot Conquer their
neighbors
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Geography of the Steppe
Western steppe central Asia
Home to the Hittites Eastern steppe Home to Huns, Turks
and Mongols Very little rain Temps from -57 to 96 Climate milder in
west
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The Nomadic Way of Life
Pastoralists-herded domestic animals
Searching for food Followed seasonal
patterns Battles arose over
water rights Asian nomads
lived on horsback
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The Nomadic Way of Life
• Depended on animals for– Food– Clothing– Housing
• Diet was meat and maer’s milk
• Clothing of skins and wool
• Lived in tents called yurts
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Nomadic Way of Life
Clans- kinship groups that traveled together
Descended from a common ancestor
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Steppes, Nomads and Settled Societies• Peaceful trade• Exchanged horses for
grain, metal and cloth• Prided themselves on
toughness• Took what they wanted
from towns people• Nomadic people
eventually become part of who they conquer
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The Rise of the Mongols
• Roamed the eastern steppe
• Temujin unites the Mongols
• 1206 accepts name Genghis Khan- universal ruler
• 21 years led the Mongols to conquer much of Asia
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The Rise of Mongols
• Muslims murder traders and Ambassadors of Khan.
• Launches campaign of terror across Central Asia
• Destroy one city after another
• 1225 Central Asia under Mongol control
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Genghis the Conquer
Brilliant organizer Armies of 10,000 1,000 man brigades 100 man companies 10 man squads
Gifted strategists Tricks to confuse
the enemy Small group draw in
opposing army
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Genghis the Conqueror
Cruelty as a weapon Terrifying into
surrender Don’t open gates, kill
whole population Most towns surrender
“In most countries that have not yet been overrun by them, everyone spends the night afraid they may appear there too”
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The Mongol Empire
Genghis Khan died 1227
Successors conquered from China to Poland
Largest unified empire in history
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The Khanates
Sons and grandsons continued conquests
Leveled Kiev, China, Korea, close to Venice
1250 halted westward expansion
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The Khanates
1260 divided into four regions or khanates Khanate of the
great Khan (China, Mongolia)
Khanate of Chagatai Ikhanate (Persia) Khanate of the
golden Horde (Russia)
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The Mongols as Rulers
Populations of some cities were wiped out
Destroyed ancient irrigation systems
Tolerant in peace Adopted some of
existing cultures Some became
Muslims Led to furthersplits
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The Mongol Peace
Pax Mongolica-1200-1300’s stability and law
Safe passage of trade caravans, travelers and missionaries
Trade between Europe and Asia increased
Bubonic plague possibly came from the Mongols