Chapter 1.2 Matter and its Properties
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Transcript of Chapter 1.2 Matter and its Properties
Matter and it’s PropertiesObjectives:
1. Distinguish between the physical properties and chemical properties of matter.
2. Classify changes of matter as physical and chemical.
3. Explain the gas, liquid, and solid states in terms of particles.
4. Distinguish between a mixture and a pure substance.
Matter and Its Properties
Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space
Mass – measure of amount of matter Volume – amount of space and object
takes up Properties – describe matter
Basic building blocks of matter
Atom – smallest unit of an element that maintains properties of that element Ex: C, H, Al
Element – pure substance made of only on kind of atom Ex: C, H, Al
Compound – substance that is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded. Ex: CO2, H2O, C6H12O6
Properties and Changes in matter
Properties distinguish between substances and separate them
Can reveal identity of unknown substance Extensive property – depend on the
amount of matter that is present Ex: volume/mass
Intensive property – do not depend on the amount of matter present Ex: melting point, density, ability to conduct electricity
Physical properties and changes
Physical property – characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance.
Example : melting point, boiling point, melt, freeze, torn.
Physical Change – change in substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance
Examples: grinding, cutting, melting, boiling
Changes of state Solid – definite volume and shape
Held close together by strong attractive forces
Packed together in fixed position,
Particles of solids are:
Only movement is vibration
Changes of state Liquid – definite volume and no definite
shape Particles of Liquids are:
Close together but can move past one another
Move more rapidly than those of a solid Gives the ability to flow
Changes of state Gas – no definite volume nor shape
Particles of gases are:
Very far apart from one another Move very fast
Visual of all phases of matter
Changes of state Plasma – High temperature physical state of
matter in which atoms lose their electrons Plasma is found in fluorescent bulbs
Chemical Properties and Changes
Chemical Property – substances ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances.
Examples: ability of charcoal to burn in air, iron to rust, etc. Chemical Change – change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances
Chemical Reaction
Reactants – substances that react in a chemical change
Products – substances that are formed in a chemical change
+
sodium metal chlorine gas table salt
Sodium Chlorine Sodium Chloride
Classification of matterMatter
Can it be separated
MixturesPure
substances
Is the composition
uniform
Can it be decomposed by chemical means
Heterogeneous (granite, blood)
Homogeneous (air, sugar in
water)
Compounds (water, sodium
chloride)
Elements (gold,
aluminum, Oxygen)
Yes
Yes
NoYesNo
No
Classification of matter
Mixture – blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains it own identity and properties. Homogeneous – (solutions) uniform
throughout Heterogeneous – Not uniform throughou
Ways to separate: Filtration, evaporation, chromatography, distillation)
Pure substances
Has a fixed composition and differs from a mixture in the following ways: Every sample of a given pure substance has
exactly the same characteristic properties
Every sample of a given pure substance has exactly the same composition